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Research on continual learning has led to a variety of approaches to mitigating catastrophic forgetting in feed-forward classification networks. Until now surprisingly little attention has been focused on continual learning of recurrent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Riccardo Del Chiaro , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Joost van de Weijer

Reward machines are automaton-like structures that capture the memory required to accomplish a multi-stage task. When combined with reinforcement learning or optimal control methods, they can be used to synthesize robot policies to achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mohamad Louai Shehab , Antoine Aspeel , Necmiye Ozay

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

When tasks change over time, meta-transfer learning seeks to improve the efficiency of learning a new task via both meta-learning and transfer-learning. While the standard attention has been effective in a variety of settings, we question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Jaesik Yoon , Gautam Singh , Sungjin Ahn

Reinforcement Learning-based Recommender Systems (RLRS) have shown promise across a spectrum of applications, from e-commerce platforms to streaming services. Yet, they grapple with challenges, notably in crafting reward functions and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Siyu Wang , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao

In this paper we investigate transformer architectures designed for partially observable online reinforcement learning. The self-attention mechanism in the transformer architecture is capable of capturing long-range dependencies and it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Subhojeet Pramanik , Esraa Elelimy , Marlos C. Machado , Adam White

The Transformer, a highly expressive architecture for sequence modeling, has recently been adapted to solve sequential decision-making, most notably through the Decision Transformer (DT), which learns policies by conditioning on desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaohang Tang , Zhuowen Cheng , Satyabrat Kumar

In recent years, data-driven reinforcement learning (RL), also known as offline RL, have gained significant attention. However, the role of data sampling techniques in offline RL has been overlooked despite its potential to enhance online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jinyi Liu , Yi Ma , Jianye Hao , Yujing Hu , Yan Zheng , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various sequential decision making problems without proper supervision. Due to the recent advancement of deep learning, the newly proposed Deep-RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Dhruv Ramani

Recent works have shown that tackling offline reinforcement learning (RL) with a conditional policy produces promising results. The Decision Transformer (DT) combines the conditional policy approach and a transformer architecture, showing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Taku Yamagata , Ahmed Khalil , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

In environments with sparse or delayed rewards, reinforcement learning (RL) incurs high sample complexity due to the large number of interactions needed for learning. This limitation has motivated the use of large language models (LLMs) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Narjes Nourzad , Carlee Joe-Wong

Deep neural networks based purely on attention have been successful across several domains, relying on minimal architectural priors from the designer. In Human Action Recognition (HAR), attention mechanisms have been primarily adopted on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Vittorio Mazzia , Simone Angarano , Francesco Salvetti , Federico Angelini , Marcello Chiaberge

Learning policy from offline datasets through offline reinforcement learning (RL) holds promise for scaling data-driven decision-making while avoiding unsafe and costly online interactions. However, real-world data collected from sensors or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiawei Xu , Rui Yang , Shuang Qiu , Feng Luo , Meng Fang , Baoxiang Wang , Lei Han

Rapid online adaptation to changing tasks is an important problem in machine learning and, recently, a focus of meta-reinforcement learning. However, reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms struggle in POMDP environments because the state of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Eseoghene Ben-Iwhiwhu , Pawel Ladosz , Jeffery Dick , Wen-Hua Chen , Praveen Pilly , Andrea Soltoggio

Humans can leverage prior experience and learn novel tasks from a handful of demonstrations. In contrast to offline meta-reinforcement learning, which aims to achieve quick adaptation through better algorithm design, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Mengdi Xu , Yikang Shen , Shun Zhang , Yuchen Lu , Ding Zhao , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is typically concerned with estimating stationary policies or single-step models, leveraging the Markov property to factorize problems in time. However, we can also view RL as a generic sequence modeling problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Michael Janner , Qiyang Li , Sergey Levine

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), the mathematical framework underlying most algorithms in Reinforcement Learning (RL), are often used in a way that wrongfully assumes that the state of an agent's environment does not change during action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Simon Ramstedt , Christopher Pal

The relationship between a reinforcement learning (RL) agent and an asynchronous environment is often ignored. Frequently used models of the interaction between an agent and its environment, such as Markov Decision Processes (MDP) or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Jaden B. Travnik , Kory W. Mathewson , Richard S. Sutton , Patrick M. Pilarski

Evaluating deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents against targeted behavior attacks is critical for assessing their robustness. These attacks aim to manipulate the victim into specific behaviors that align with the attacker's objectives,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Fengshuo Bai , Runze Liu , Yali Du , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang