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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have emerged as a powerful advancement in multi-step reasoning tasks, offering enhanced transparency and logical consistency through explicit chains of thought (CoT). However, these models introduce novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jiawei Chen , Yang Yang , Chao Yu , Yu Tian , Zhi Cao , Xue Yang , Linghao Li , Hang Su , Zhaoxia Yin

As large language models (LLMs) grow in power and influence, ensuring their safety and preventing harmful output becomes critical. Automated red teaming serves as a tool to detect security vulnerabilities in LLMs without manual labor.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zhuo Li , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Fangming Liu , Min Zhang , Jing Li

As large language models grow in capability and agency, identifying vulnerabilities through red-teaming becomes vital for safe deployment. However, traditional prompt-engineering approaches may prove ineffective once red-teaming turns into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Alexander Panfilov , Paul Kassianik , Maksym Andriushchenko , Jonas Geiping

We want language model assistants to conform to a character specification, which asserts how the model should act across diverse user interactions. While models typically follow these character specifications, they can occasionally violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Nate Rahn , Allison Qi , Avery Griffin , Jonathan Michala , Henry Sleight , Erik Jones

In recent years, AI red teaming has emerged as a practice for probing the safety and security of generative AI systems. Due to the nascency of the field, there are many open questions about how red teaming operations should be conducted.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are set to reshape cybersecurity by augmenting red and blue team operations. Red teams can exploit LLMs to plan attacks, craft phishing content, simulate adversaries, and generate exploit code. Conversely, blue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Alsharif Abuadbba , Chris Hicks , Kristen Moore , Vasilios Mavroudis , Burak Hasircioglu , Diksha Goel , Piers Jennings

As generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into production applications, new attack surfaces and vulnerabilities emerge and put a focus on adversarial threats in natural language and…

Recently, people have suffered from LLM hallucination and have become increasingly aware of the reliability gap of LLMs in open and knowledge-intensive tasks. As a result, they have increasingly turned to search-augmented LLMs to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Mingfeng Li , Zheming Yang , Chiwei Zhu , Fei Ma , Benfeng Xu , Min Liu , Qi Li

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed…

Red teaming has evolved from its origins in military applications to become a widely adopted methodology in cybersecurity and AI. In this paper, we take a critical look at the practice of AI red teaming. We argue that despite its current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Subhabrata Majumdar , Brian Pendleton , Abhishek Gupta

Disinformation is among the top risks of generative artificial intelligence (AI) misuse. Global adoption of generative AI necessitates red-teaming evaluations (i.e., systematic adversarial probing) that are robust across diverse languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alejandro Cuevas , Saloni Dash , Bharat Kumar Nayak , Dan Vann , Madeleine I. G. Daepp

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to safety-critical applications, ensuring their robustness against adversarial prompts is paramount. However, existing red teaming datasets suffer from inconsistent risk categorizations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo , Truong-Son Hy

AI safety training and red-teaming of large language models (LLMs) are measures to mitigate the generation of unsafe content. Our work exposes the inherent cross-lingual vulnerability of these safety mechanisms, resulting from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zheng-Xin Yong , Cristina Menghini , Stephen H. Bach

Automated red-teaming has emerged as a scalable approach for auditing Large Language Models (LLMs) prior to deployment, yet existing approaches lack mechanisms to efficiently adapt to model-specific vulnerabilities at inference. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Christos Ziakas , Nicholas Loo , Nishita Jain , Alessandra Russo

Automated red-teaming has become a crucial approach for uncovering vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods focus on isolated safety flaws, limiting their ability to adapt to dynamic defenses and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yanjiang Liu , Shuhen Zhou , Yaojie Lu , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

We present the design process and findings of the pre-conference workshop at the Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference (2024) entitled Red Teaming Large Language Models for Healthcare, which took place on August 15, 2024. Conference…

Recently, advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have been integrated into many real-world applications like Code Copilot. These applications have significantly expanded the attack surface of LLMs, exposing them to a variety of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Huiyu Xu , Wenhui Zhang , Zhibo Wang , Feng Xiao , Rui Zheng , Yunhe Feng , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

The rapid integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into critical applications is increasingly hindered by persistent safety vulnerabilities. However, existing red-teaming benchmarks are often fragmented, limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xin Wang , Yunhao Chen , Juncheng Li , Yixu Wang , Yang Yao , Tianle Gu , Jie Li , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang , Xia Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

Understanding the capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) models in harmful content generation is essential to safety and compliance. However, human red-teaming is costly and inconsistent, driving the need for automatic tools that simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhi-Yi Chin , Pin-Yu Chen , Wei-Chen Chiu , Mario Fritz