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The co-design of robot morphology and neural control typically requires using reinforcement learning to approximate a unique control policy gradient for each body plan, demanding massive amounts of training data to measure the performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Luke Strgar , Sam Kriegman

Dynamic control of a soft-body robot to deliver complex behaviors with low-dimensional actuation inputs is challenging. In this paper, we present a computational approach to automatically generate versatile, underactuated control policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Yitong Deng , Yaorui Zhang , Xingzhe He , Shuqi Yang , Yunjin Tong , Michael Zhang , Daniel DiPietro , Bo Zhu

Designing robots by hand can be costly and time consuming, especially if the robots have to be created with novel materials, or be robust to internal or external changes. In order to create robots automatically, without the need for human…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Emma Hjellbrekke Stensby , Kai Olav Ellefsen , Kyrre Glette

Optimizing the body and brain of a robot is a coupled challenge: the morphology determines what control strategies are effective, while the control parameters influence how well the morphology performs. This joint optimization can be done…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 K. Ege de Bruin , Kyrre Glette , Kai Olav Ellefsen , Giorgia Nadizar , Eric Medvet

Humanoid robots, as general-purpose physical agents, must integrate both intelligent control and adaptive morphology to operate effectively in diverse real-world environments. While recent research has focused primarily on optimizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Guiliang Liu , Bo Yue , Yi Jin Kim , Kui Jia

Modularity in robotics holds great potential. In principle, modular robots can be disassembled and reassembled in different robots, and possibly perform new tasks. Nevertheless, actually exploiting modularity is yet an unsolved problem:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Federico Pigozzi , Yujin Tang , Eric Medvet , David Ha

Humans and animals are capable of quickly learning new behaviours to solve new tasks. Yet, we often forget that they also rely on a highly specialized morphology that co-adapted with motor control throughout thousands of years. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kevin Sebastian Luck , Heni Ben Amor , Roberto Calandra

Fluidically actuated soft robots have promising capabilities such as inherent compliance and user safety. The control of soft robots needs to properly handle nonlinear actuation dynamics, motion constraints, workspace limitations, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Filippo A. Spinelli , Robert K. Katzschmann

Continuum soft robots are mechanical systems entirely made of continuously deformable elements. This design solution aims to bring robots closer to invertebrate animals and soft appendices of vertebrate animals (e.g., an elephant's trunk, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Christian Duriez , Daniela Rus

Despite a slow neuromuscular system, humans easily outperform modern robot technology, especially in physical contact tasks. How is this possible? Biological evidence indicates that motor control of biological systems is achieved by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Moses C. Nah , Johannes Lachner , Neville Hogan

Soft-growing robots are innovative devices that feature plant-inspired growth to navigate environments. Thanks to their embodied intelligence of adapting to their surroundings and the latest innovation in actuation and manufacturing, it is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Fabio Stroppa

Soft robots, compared to rigid robots, possess inherent advantages, including higher degrees of freedom, compliance, and enhanced safety, which have contributed to their increasing application across various fields. Among these benefits,…

Although robotic manipulators are used in an ever-growing range of applications, robot manufacturers typically follow a ``one-fits-all'' philosophy, employing identical manipulators in various settings. This often leads to suboptimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Jonathan Külz , Sehoon Ha , Matthias Althoff

Many soft-body organisms found in nature flourish underwater. Similarly, soft robots are potentially well-suited for underwater environments partly because the problematic effects of gravity, friction, and harmonic oscillations are less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-07 W. David Null , Y Z

Musculoskeletal robots offer intrinsic compliance and flexibility, providing a promising paradigm for versatile locomotion. However, existing research typically relies on models with fixed muscle physiological parameters. This static…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Lidong Sun , Wentao Zhao , Ye Wang , Huaping Liu , Fuchun Sun

For robots to handle the numerous factors that can affect them in the real world, they must adapt to changes and unexpected events. Evolutionary robotics tries to solve some of these issues by automatically optimizing a robot for a specific…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Tønnes F. Nygaard , Charles P. Martin , Eivind Samuelsen , Jim Torresen , Kyrre Glette

Soft robots achieve functionality through tight coupling among geometry, material composition, and actuation. As a result, effective design optimization requires these three aspects to be considered jointly rather than in isolation. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittorio Candiello , Manuel Mekkattu , Mike Y. Michelis , Robert K. Katzschmann

Morphological regeneration is an important feature that highlights the environmental adaptive capacity of biological systems. Lack of this regenerative capacity significantly limits the resilience of machines and the environments they can…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Kazuya Horibe , Kathryn Walker , Sebastian Risi

Many current robot designs prioritize efficiency and one-size-fits-all solutions, oftentimes overlooking personalization, adaptability, and sustainability. To explore alternatives, we conducted two co-design workshops with 23 participants,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lingyun Chen , Qing Xiao , Zitao Zhang , Eli Blevis , Selma Šabanović

Multiple domains like vision, natural language, and audio are witnessing tremendous progress by leveraging Transformers for large scale pre-training followed by task specific fine tuning. In contrast, in robotics we primarily train a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Agrim Gupta , Linxi Fan , Surya Ganguli , Li Fei-Fei