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Related papers: Undetectable Watermarks for Language Models

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Model watermarking techniques can embed watermark information into the protected model for ownership declaration by constructing specific input-output pairs. However, existing watermarks are easily removed when facing model stealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Yuexin Xuan , Zhendong Zhao , Xin Zhao , He Li

Watermarking aims to embed hidden signals in generated text that can be reliably detected when given access to a secret key. Open-weight language models pose acute challenges for such watermarking schemes because the inference-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yizhou Zhao , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Adam Block

This paper investigates a fundamental yet underexplored question: can watermarked images remain editable without compromising watermark integrity? We propose SafeMark, a framework for watermark-preserving text-guided image manipulation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Xiangman Li , Zelin Zhang , Lingshuang Liu , Jianbing Ni

Watermarking language models is essential for distinguishing between human and machine-generated text and thus maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of digital communication. We present a novel green/red list watermarking approach…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-13 Yangxinyu Xie , Xiang Li , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Ruixun Zhang

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum analysis algorithm for watermark embedding and on a content-based image retrieval…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Dimitrios K. Tsolis , Spyros Sioutas , Theodore S. Papatheodorou

LLM watermarking, which embeds imperceptible yet algorithmically detectable signals in model outputs to identify LLM-generated text, has become crucial in mitigating the potential misuse of large language models. However, the abundance of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Zhiwei He , Zitian Gao , Xuandong Zhao , Yijian Lu , Binglin Zhou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Imperceptible digital watermarking is important in copyright protection, misinformation prevention, and responsible generative AI. We propose TrustMark - a GAN-based watermarking method with novel design in architecture and spatio-spectra…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Tu Bui , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse

Watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have attained high accuracy in detecting LLM-generated text. However, existing methods primarily focus on distinguishing fully watermarked text from non-watermarked text, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Yijian Lu , Zitian Gao , Yichen Di , Shiyu Huang , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

As large language models become increasingly capable and widely deployed, verifying the provenance of machine-generated content is critical to ensuring trust, safety, and accountability. Watermarking techniques have emerged as a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihan Wu , Ruibo Chen , Georgios Milis , Heng Huang

Watermarks for AI-generated images are meant to support downstream decisions about provenance, manipulation, and trust. In the settings that motivate watermark removal, therefore, success means more than causing the watermark test to fail.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yevin Nikhel Goonatilake , Giuseppe Ateniese

We present REMARK-LLM, a novel efficient, and robust watermarking framework designed for texts generated by large language models (LLMs). Synthesizing human-like content using LLMs necessitates vast computational resources and extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ruisi Zhang , Shehzeen Samarah Hussain , Paarth Neekhara , Farinaz Koushanfar

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized content creation across text, visual, and audio domains, simultaneously introducing significant risks such as misinformation, identity fraud, and content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lele Cao

The proliferation of AI-generated content brings significant concerns on the forensic and security issues such as source tracing, copyright protection, etc, highlighting the need for effective watermarking technologies. Font-based text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Kemou Li , Yain-Whar Si , Xiaowei Wu , Jiantao Zhou

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

As large language models (LLM) are increasingly used for text generation tasks, it is critical to audit their usages, govern their applications, and mitigate their potential harms. Existing watermark techniques are shown effective in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Chaoyi Zhu , Jeroen Galjaard , Pin-Yu Chen , Lydia Y. Chen

Watermarking has become one of promising techniques to not only aid in identifying AI-generated images but also serve as a deterrent against the unethical use of these models. However, the robustness of watermarking techniques has not been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaodong Wu , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li

We propose a watermarking method for protecting the Intellectual Property (IP) of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The aim is to watermark the GAN model so that any image generated by the GAN contains an invisible watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Several companies have deployed watermark-based detection to identify AI-generated content. However, attribution--the ability to trace back to the user of a generative AI (GenAI) service who created a given AI-generated content--remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Yupu Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Recent fine-tuning techniques for diffusion models enable them to reproduce specific image sets, such as particular faces or artistic styles, but also introduce copyright and security risks. Dataset watermarking has been proposed to ensure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xincheng Wang , Hanchi Sun , Wenjun Sun , Kejun Xue , Wangqiu Zhou , Jianbo Zhang , Wei Sun , Dandan Zhu , Xiongkuo Min , Jun Jia , Zhijun Fang
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