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Fairness concerns are increasingly critical as machine learning models are deployed in high-stakes applications. While existing fairness-aware methods typically intervene at the model level, they often suffer from high computational costs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yixuan Zhang , Jiabin Luo , Zhenggang Wang , Feng Zhou , Quyu Kong

Ideally, a meta-analysis will summarize data from several unbiased studies. Here we consider the less than ideal situation in which contributing studies may be compromised by measurement error. Measurement error affects every study design,…

Let $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be a random sample from an unknown probability distribution $P$ on the sample space ${\cal X}$, and let $\theta=\theta(P)$ be a parameter of interest. The present paper proposes a nonparametric `Bayesian bootstrap'…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Nils Lid Hjort

Detecting lexical semantic change in smaller data sets, e.g. in historical linguistics and digital humanities, is challenging due to a lack of statistical power. This issue is exacerbated by non-contextual embedding models that produce one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yang Liu , Alan Medlar , Dorota Glowacka

A new metric \texttt{BaryScore} to evaluate text generation based on deep contextualized embeddings e.g., BERT, Roberta, ELMo) is introduced. This metric is motivated by a new framework relying on optimal transport tools, i.e., Wasserstein…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Pierre Colombo , Guillaume Staerman , Chloe Clavel , Pablo Piantanida

When collaborating with an AI system, we need to assess when to trust its recommendations. If we mistakenly trust it in regions where it is likely to err, catastrophic failures may occur, hence the need for Bayesian approaches for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Federico Cerutti , Lance M. Kaplan , Angelika Kimmig , Murat Sensoy

Many studies have revealed that word embeddings, language models, and models for specific downstream tasks in NLP are prone to social biases, especially gender bias. Recently these techniques have been gradually applied to automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mingqi Gao , Xiaojun Wan

We propose a general method to carry out a valid Bayesian analysis of a finite-dimensional `targeted' parameter in the presence of a finite-dimensional nuisance parameter. We apply our methods to causal inference based on estimating…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Magid Sabbagh , David A. Stephens

Differential analysis is a routine procedure in the statistical analysis toolbox across many applied fields, including quantitative proteomics, the main illustration of the present paper. The state-of-the-art limma approach uses a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Marie Chion , Arthur Leroy

Quantifying uncertainty and updating reliability are essential for ensuring the safety and performance of engineering systems. This study develops a hierarchical Bayesian modeling (HBM) framework to quantify uncertainty and update…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-31 Xinyu Jia , Weinan Hou , Costas Papadimitriou

Parameter estimates for associated genetic variants, report ed in the initial discovery samples, are often grossly inflated compared to the values observed in the follow-up replication samples. This type of bias is a consequence of the…

Applications · Statistics 2011-04-15 Lizhen Xu , Radu V. Craiu , Lei Sun

Model inadequacy and measurement uncertainty are two of the most confounding aspects of inference and prediction in quantitative sciences. The process of scientific inference (the inverse problem) and prediction (the forward problem)…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-11-30 Amir Shahmoradi

Although Bayesian density estimation using discrete mixtures has good performance in modest dimensions, there is a lack of statistical and computational scalability to high-dimensional multivariate cases. To combat the curse of…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-29 Ye Wang , Antonio Canale , David Dunson

In settings where only unlabelled speech data is available, speech technology needs to be developed without transcriptions, pronunciation dictionaries, or language modelling text. A similar problem is faced when modelling infant language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-10 Herman Kamper , Aren Jansen , Sharon Goldwater

Word embeddings are the standard model for semantic and syntactic representations of words. Unfortunately, these models have been shown to exhibit undesirable word associations resulting from gender, racial, and religious biases. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Vaibhav Kumar , Tenzin Singhay Bhotia , Vaibhav Kumar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Intersectional bias is a bias caused by an overlap of multiple social factors like gender, sexuality, race, disability, religion, etc. A recent study has shown that word embedding models can be laden with biases against intersectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Bhavya Ghai , Md Naimul Hoque , Klaus Mueller

We present a clustering-based language model using word embeddings for text readability prediction. Presumably, an Euclidean semantic space hypothesis holds true for word embeddings whose training is done by observing word co-occurrences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Miriam Cha , Youngjune Gwon , H. T. Kung

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik

The Bayesian approach to data analysis provides a powerful way to handle uncertainty in all observations, model parameters, and model structure using probability theory. Probabilistic programming languages make it easier to specify and fit…

Word embeddings learnt from massive text collections have demonstrated significant levels of discriminative biases such as gender, racial or ethnic biases, which in turn bias the down-stream NLP applications that use those word embeddings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala