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Solving math word problems is the task that analyses the relation of quantities and requires an accurate understanding of contextual natural language information. Recent studies show that current models rely on shallow heuristics to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yibin Shen , Qianying Liu , Zhuoyuan Mao , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

To solve Math Word Problems, human students leverage diverse reasoning logic that reaches different possible equation solutions. However, the mainstream sequence-to-sequence approach of automatic solvers aims to decode a fixed solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yibin Shen , Qianying Liu , Zhuoyuan Mao , Zhen Wan , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Math word problem solver requires both precise relation reasoning about quantities in the text and reliable generation for the diverse equation. Current sequence-to-tree or relation extraction methods regard this only from a fixed view,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Yanna Ma , Xiaoxia Cheng , Zeqi Tan , Qingpeng Nong , Weiming Lu

In this article, we tackle the math word problem, namely, automatically answering a mathematical problem according to its textual description. Although recent methods have demonstrated their promising results, most of these methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Shifeng Huang , Jiawei Wang , Jiao Xu , Da Cao , Ming Yang

Math Word Problem (MWP) solving presents a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This study aims to provide MWP solvers with a more diverse training set, ultimately improving their ability to solve various math problems. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Gulsum Yigit , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Current LLM training positions mathematical reasoning as a core capability. With publicly available sources fully tapped, there is unmet demand for diverse and challenging math questions. Relying solely on human experts is both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Vedant Shah , Dingli Yu , Kaifeng Lyu , Simon Park , Jiatong Yu , Yinghui He , Nan Rosemary Ke , Michael Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Sanjeev Arora , Anirudh Goyal

High-quality distractors are crucial to both the assessment and pedagogical value of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), where manually crafting ones that anticipate knowledge deficiencies or misconceptions among real students is difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nigel Fernandez , Alexander Scarlatos , Wanyong Feng , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Compositional generalization refers to a model's capability to generalize to newly composed input data based on the data components observed during training. It has triggered a series of compositional generalization analysis on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yunshi Lan , Lei Wang , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

The rise of large language models (LLMs) offers new opportunities for automatic error detection in education, particularly for math word problems (MWPs). While prior studies demonstrate the promise of LLMs as error detectors, they overlook…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Hang Li , Tianlong Xu , Kaiqi Yang , Yucheng Chu , Yanling Chen , Yichi Song , Qingsong Wen , Hui Liu

Visuals are valuable tools for teaching math word problems (MWPs), helping young learners interpret textual descriptions into mathematical expressions before solving them. However, creating such visuals is labor-intensive and there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Junling Wang , Anna Rutkiewicz , April Yi Wang , Mrinmaya Sachan

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are a popular method for evaluating students' knowledge due to their efficiency in administration and grading. Crafting high-quality math MCQs is a labor-intensive process that requires educators to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jaewook Lee , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

A practical automatic textual math word problems (MWPs) solver should be able to solve various textual MWPs while most existing works only focused on one-unknown linear MWPs. Herein, we propose a simple but efficient method called Universal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Jinghui Qin , Lihui Lin , Xiaodan Liang , Rumin Zhang , Liang Lin

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are ubiquitous in almost all levels of education since they are easy to administer, grade, and are a reliable form of assessment. An important aspect of MCQs is the distractors, i.e., incorrect options that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hunter McNichols , Wanyong Feng , Jaewook Lee , Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Socratic questioning is an educational method that allows students to discover answers to complex problems by asking them a series of thoughtful questions. Generation of didactically sound questions is challenging, requiring understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Kumar Shridhar , Jakub Macina , Mennatallah El-Assady , Tanmay Sinha , Manu Kapur , Mrinmaya Sachan

Mathematical reasoning demands two critical, complementary skills: constructing rigorous proofs for true statements and discovering counterexamples that disprove false ones. However, current AI efforts in mathematics focus almost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , Kaiyu Yang , Xiaoxing Ma , Zhendong Su

Automatic generation of paraphrases from a given sentence is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), and plays a key role in a number of applications such as question answering, search, and dialogue. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Zichao Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Hang Li

We present a method for generating training data for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards to improve small open-weights language models on mathematical tasks. Existing data generation approaches rely on open-loop pipelines and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Teresa Yeo , Myeongho Jeon , Dulaj Weerakoon , Rui Qiao , Alok Prakash , Armando Solar-Lezama , Archan Misra

Mathematical problem generation (MPG) is a significant research direction in the field of intelligent education. In recent years, the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has enabled new technological approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yifei Sun , Yongan Li , A. K. Qin , Sicheng Hou , Tamas Pflanzner

Solving tabular math word problems (TMWPs) has become a critical role in evaluating the mathematical reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), where large-scale TMWP samples are commonly required for LLM fine-tuning. Since the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaoqiang Kang , Zimu Wang , Xiaobo Jin , Wei Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Qiufeng Wang

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are ubiquitous in almost all levels of education since they are easy to administer, grade, and are a reliable format in assessments and practices. One of the most important aspects of MCQs is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Wanyong Feng , Jaewook Lee , Hunter McNichols , Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Nancy Otero Ornelas , Andrew Lan