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Explainable AI (XAI) holds the promise of advancing the implementation and adoption of AI-based tools in practice, especially in high-stakes environments like healthcare. However, most of the current research lacks input from end users, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 T. E. Röber , R. Goedhart , S. İ. Birbil

In the ever-expanding landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where innovation thrives and new products and services are continuously being delivered, ensuring that AI systems are designed and developed responsibly throughout their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Domenico Gigante , Marcos Kalinowski , Azzurra Ragone

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating healthcare, from physician assistants to consumer applications. Since AI algorithm's opacity challenges human interaction, explainable AI (XAI) addresses this by providing AI…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are being deployed around the globe in critical fields such as healthcare and education. In some cases, expert practitioners in these domains are being tasked with introducing or using such systems, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Iain Barclay , Will Abramson

Generative AI is rapidly transforming medical imaging and text analysis, offering immense potential for enhanced diagnosis and personalized care. However, this transformative technology raises crucial ethical, societal, and legal questions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Onyekachukwu R. Okonji , Kamol Yunusov , Bonnie Gordon

The field of explainable AI (XAI) has quickly become a thriving and prolific community. However, a silent, recurrent and acknowledged issue in this area is the lack of consensus regarding its terminology. In particular, each new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Sebastian Palacio , Adriano Lucieri , Mohsin Munir , Jörn Hees , Sheraz Ahmed , Andreas Dengel

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool to accomplish a great many tasks. This exciting branch of technology is being adopted increasingly across varying sectors, including the insurance domain. With that power arise several…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Olivier Koster , Ruud Kosman , Joost Visser

Explainable AI (XAI) provides methods to understand non-interpretable machine learning models. However, we have little knowledge about what legal experts expect from these explanations, including their legal compliance with, and value…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Laura State , Alejandra Bringas Colmenarejo , Andrea Beretta , Salvatore Ruggieri , Franco Turini , Stephanie Law

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are integrated into more aspects of society, they offer new capabilities but also cause a range of harms that are drawing increasing scrutiny. A large body of work in the Responsible AI community has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sijia Xiao , Haodi Zou , Alice Qian Zhang , Deepak Kumar , Hong Shen , Jason Hong , Motahhare Eslami

The increasing demand for transparent and reliable models, particularly in high-stakes decision-making areas such as medical image analysis, has led to the emergence of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Post-hoc XAI techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junlin Hou , Sicen Liu , Yequan Bie , Hongmei Wang , Andong Tan , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

Explainable AI (XAI) seeks to transform black-box algorithmic processes into transparent ones, enhancing trust in AI applications across various sectors such as education. This review aims to examine the various definitions of XAI within…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Zaid M. Altukhi , Sojen Pradhan

In recent years, the impact of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in society has been absolutely remarkable. This impact is expected to continue in the foreseeable future. However,the adoption of AI/ML is also a cause of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Joao Marques-Silva

As artificial intelligence transforms a wide range of sectors and drives innovation, it also introduces complex challenges concerning ethics, transparency, bias, and fairness. The imperative for integrating Responsible AI (RAI) principles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Amna Batool , Didar Zowghi , Muneera Bano

Autonomous AI systems generate responsibility gaps: consequential actions that cannot be satisfactorily attributed to developers, operators, or users under existing legal frameworks. The prevailing subject-object dichotomy fails to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Karsten Brensing

Across healthcare, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly promoted as capable of autonomous action, yet in practice they currently operate under near-total human oversight due to safety, regulatory, and liability…

Auditing of AI systems is a promising way to understand and manage ethical problems and societal risks associated with contemporary AI systems, as well as some anticipated future risks. Efforts to develop standards for auditing Artificial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 David Manheim , Sammy Martin , Mark Bailey , Mikhail Samin , Ross Greutzmacher

This paper presents a computational account of how legal norms can influence the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) agents, grounded in the active inference framework (AIF) that is informed by principles of economic legal analysis…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Axel Constant , Mahault Albarracin , Karl J. Friston

Laws play a key role in the complex socio-technical system impacting contestability: they create the regulations shaping the way AI systems are designed, evaluated, and used. Despite their role in the AI value chain, lawyers' impact on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Gennie Mansi , Mark Riedl

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to learn from human experience, adjust to new inputs, and perform human-like tasks. AI is progressing rapidly and is transforming the way businesses operate, from process automation to cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Ambreen Hanif

As AI systems become prevalent in high stakes domains such as surveillance and healthcare, researchers now examine how to design and implement them in a safe manner. However, the potential harms caused by systems to stakeholders in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Roel Dobbe , Thomas Krendl Gilbert , Yonatan Mintz