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This paper presents a production Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) pipeline based on the student-teacher framework, which leverages millions of unlabeled examples to improve Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. We investigate two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Luoxin Chen , Francisco Garcia , Varun Kumar , He Xie , Jianhua Lu

Task-oriented semantic communication enhances transmission efficiency by conveying semantic information rather than exact messages. Deep learning (DL)-based semantic communication can effectively cultivate the essential semantic knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Run Gu , Wei Xu , Zhaohui Yang , Dusit Niyato , Aylin Yener

While convolutional neural networks need large labeled sets for training images, expert human supervision of such datasets can be very laborious. Proposed solutions propagate labels from a small set of supervised images to a large set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Barbara Caroline Benato , Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes , Alexandru Cristian Telea , Alexandre Xavier Falcão

This paper focuses on webly supervised learning (WSL), where datasets are built by crawling samples from the Internet and directly using search queries as web labels. Although WSL benefits from fast and low-cost data collection, noises in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jingkang Yang , Litong Feng , Weirong Chen , Xiaopeng Yan , Huabin Zheng , Ping Luo , Wayne Zhang

To address semi-supervised learning from both labeled and unlabeled data, we present a novel meta-learning scheme. We particularly consider that labeled and unlabeled data share disjoint ground truth label sets, which can be seen tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yun-Chun Chen , Chao-Te Chou , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

In this paper, we introduce a novel weighted co-training approach that is guided by Large Language Models (LLMs). Namely, in our co-training approach, we use LLM labels on unlabeled data as target labels and co-train two encoder-only based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Md Mezbaur Rahman , Cornelia Caragea

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

Speech representation learning approaches for non-semantic tasks such as language recognition have either explored supervised embedding extraction methods using a classifier model or self-supervised representation learning approaches using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shikhar Vashishth , Shikhar Bharadwaj , Sriram Ganapathy , Ankur Bapna , Min Ma , Wei Han , Vera Axelrod , Partha Talukdar

This work addresses the task of self-supervised learning (SSL) on a long-tailed dataset that aims to learn balanced and well-separated representations for downstream tasks such as image classification. This task is crucial because the real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Cuong Manh Hoang , Yeejin Lee , Byeongkeun Kang

We present a novel and scalable label embedding framework for large-scale multi-label learning a.k.a ExMLDS (Extreme Multi-Label Learning using Distributional Semantics). Our approach draws inspiration from ideas rooted in distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Rahul Wadbude , Vivek Gupta , Piyush Rai , Nagarajan Natarajan , Harish Karnick , Prateek Jain

Semi-Supervised Text Classification (SSTC) mainly works under the spirit of self-training. They initialize the deep classifier by training over labeled texts; and then alternatively predict unlabeled texts as their pseudo-labels and train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Changchun Li , Ximing Li , Bingjie Zhang , Wenting Wang , Jihong Ouyang

Self-supervised contrastive learning is an effective approach for addressing the challenge of limited labelled data. This study builds upon the previously established two-stage patch-level, multi-label classification method for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Salma Haidar , José Oramas

Knowledge is acquired by humans through experience, and no boundary is set between the kinds of knowledge or skill levels we can achieve on different tasks at the same time. When it comes to Neural Networks, that is not the case. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Charaf Eddine Benarab

Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have achieved excellent recognition performance in various visual recognition tasks. A large labeled training set is one of the most important factors for its success. However, it is difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Bin-Bin Gao , Chao Xing , Chen-Wei Xie , Jianxin Wu , Xin Geng

We propose a novel paradigm of semi-supervised learning (SSL)--the semi-supervised multiple representation behavior learning (SSMRBL). SSMRBL aims to tackle the difficulty of learning a grammar for natural language parsing where the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Ruqian Lu , Shengluan Hou

Text classification plays an important role in various downstream text-related tasks, such as sentiment analysis, fake news detection, and public opinion analysis. Recently, text classification based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Zuo Wang , Ye Yuan

In multi-label text classification, each textual document can be assigned with one or more labels. Due to this nature, the multi-label text classification task is often considered to be more challenging compared to the binary or multi-class…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jingcheng Du , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Yang Xiang , Cui Tao , Zhiyong Lu

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Images of scenes have various objects as well as abundant attributes, and diverse levels of visual categorization are possible. A natural image could be assigned with fine-grained labels that describe major components, coarse-grained labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Hexiang Hu , Guang-Tong Zhou , Zhiwei Deng , Zicheng Liao , Greg Mori

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) alleviates the cost of data labeling process by exploiting unlabeled data and has achieved promising results. Meanwhile, with the development of large foundation models, exploiting pre-trained models becomes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Song-Lin Lv , Rui Zhu , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li , Lan-Zhe Guo