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We consider the problem of optimising the achievable EPR-pair distribution rate between multiple source-destination pairs in a quantum internet, where the repeaters may perform a probabilistic bell-state measurement and we may impose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Kaushik Chakraborty , David Elkouss , Bruno Rijsman , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum repeaters promise to deliver long-distance entanglement overcoming noise and loss in realistic quantum channels. A promising class of repeaters, based on atomic ensemble quantum memories and linear optics, follow the proposal by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-05 Jonatan Bohr Brask , Anders Sondberg Sorensen

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Progress in the development of techniques for the construction of multiuser quantum communications networks is reviewed in light of the plans for an EU quantum communications infrastructure (EU QCI). Quantum key distribution networks may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Adam M. Lewis , Petra F. Scudo

Global scale quantum communication links will form the backbone of the quantum internet. However, exponential loss in optical fibres precludes any realistic application beyond few hundred kilometres. Quantum repeaters and space-based…

A quantum repeater scheme based on cavity-QED and quantum error correction of channel loss via rotation-symmetric bosonic codes (RSBC) is proposed to distribute atomic entangled states over long distances without memories and at high clock…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pei-Zhe Li , Peter van Loock

The maximum distance of quantum communication is limited due to the photon loss and detector noise. Exploiting entanglement swapping, quantum relay could offer ways to extend the achievable distance by increasing the signal to noise ratio.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 An-Ning Zhang , Yu-Ao Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Xiao-Qi Zhou , Zhi Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

Owing to the inevitable loss in communication channels, the distance of entanglement distribution is limited to approximately 100 kilometres on the ground. Quantum repeaters can circumvent this problem by using quantum memory and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 Xiao Liu , Jun Hu , Zong-Feng Li , Xue Li , Pei-Yun Li , Peng-Jun Liang , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Hartmann , B. Kraus , H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür

Before global-scale quantum networks become operational, it is important to consider how to evaluate their performance so that they can be built to achieve the desired performance. We propose two practical figures of merit for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Sumeet Khatri , Corey T. Matyas , Aliza U. Siddiqui , Jonathan P. Dowling

We propose a new approach to implement quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication. Our protocol generates a backbone of encoded Bell pairs and uses the procedure of classical error correction during simultaneous entanglement…

At the core of the quantum Internet lie quantum repeaters that enable remote end-to-end entanglement generation. Fundamentally, the entanglement generation rate and fidelity of quantum repeaters constitute the bottleneck for end-to-end…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Karim S. Elsayed , Amr Rizk

Major obstacles against efficient long distance quantum communication are photon losses during transmission and the probabilistic nature of Bell measurement causing exponential scaling in time and resource with distance. To overcome these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Seung-Woo Lee , Timothy C. Ralph , Hyunseok Jeong

Entanglement distribution through existing telecommunication infrastructure is crucial for realizing large-scale quantum networks. However, distance limitations imposed by photon losses and the no-cloning theorem present significant…

Quantum repeaters are essential for achieving long-distance quantum communication due to photon loss, which grows exponentially with the channel distance. Current quantum repeater generations use entanglement distillation protocols, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Iftach Yakar , Michael Ben-Or

The efficacy of a communication network hinges upon both its physical architecture and the protocols that are employed within it. In the context of quantum communications, there exists a fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for point-to-point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Cillian Harney , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum repeaters are an essential building block for realizing long-distance quantum communications. However, due to the fragile nature of quantum information, these repeaters suffer from loss and operational errors. Prior works have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Prateek Mantri , Kenneth Goodenough , Don Towsley

We propose an efficient quantum repeater architecture with mesoscopic atomic ensembles, where the Rydberg blockade is employed for deterministic local entanglement generation, entanglement swapping and entanglement purification. Compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-28 Bo Zhao , Markus Mueller , Klemens Hammerer , Peter Zoller

Steady technological advances and recent milestones such as intercontinental quantum communication and the first implementation of medium-scale quantum networks are paving the way for the establishment of the quantum internet, a network of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Rute Oliveira , Raabe Oliveira , Nadja K. Bernardes , Rafael Chaves

The study of free-space quantum communications requires tools from quantum information theory, optics and turbulence theory. Here we combine these tools to bound the ultimate rates for key and entanglement distribution through a free-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-10 Stefano Pirandola