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The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has directly resolved and imaged two supermassive black holes and opening a new window on black hole physics. However, the current array is limited to only these two brightest nearby targets. This white…

We present estimates for the number of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) for which the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) can identify the black hole ``shadow,'' along with estimates for how many black hole masses and spins the…

Originally developed to image the shadow region of the central black hole in Sagittarius A* and in the nearby galaxy M87, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides deep, very high angular resolution data on other AGN sources too. The…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) will soon provide the first high-resolution images of the Galactic Centre supermassive black hole (SMBH) candidate Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), enabling us to probe gravity in the strong-field regime. Besides…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 C. M. Fromm , Y. Mizuno , Z. Younsi , H. Olivares , O. Porth , M. De Laurentis , H. Falcke , M. Kramer , L. Rezzolla

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), now with its first ever image of the photon ring around the supermassive black hole of M87, provides a unique opportunity to probe the physics of supermassive black holes through Very Long Baseline…

Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of…

The concept of a new space very long baseline interferometry system named the Event Horizon Imager (EHI) has been proposed to dramatically improve black hole imaging and provide precise tests of the theory of general relativity. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Anastasia Shlentsova , Freek Roelofs , Sara Issaoun , Jordy Davelaar , Heino Falcke

(Sub) mm VLBI observations are strongly hindered by limited sensitivity, with the fast tropospheric fluctuations being the dominant culprit. We predict great benefits from applying next-generation frequency phase transfer calibration…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-24 María J. Rioja , Richard Dodson , Yoshiharu Asaki

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has significantly advanced our ability to study black holes, achieving unprecedented spatial resolution and revealing horizon-scale structures. Notably, these observations feature a distinctive dark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-22 Yifan Chen , Ran Ding , Yuxin Liu , Yosuke Mizuno , Jing Shu , Haiyue Yu , Yanjie Zeng

Recent advances in technology coupled with the progress of observational radio astronomy methods resulted in achieving a major milestone of astrophysics - a direct image of the shadow of a supermassive black hole, taken by the Earth-based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-09 Ben Hudson , Leonid I. Gurvits , Maciek Wielgus , Zsolt Paragi , Lei Liu , Weimin Zheng

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter-wavelength, very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that is capable of observing black holes with horizon-scale resolution. Early observations have revealed variable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-20 Junhan Kim , Daniel P. Marrone , Chi-kwan Chan , Lia Medeiros , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis

General relativity predicts that images of optically thin accretion flows around black holes should generically have a ``photon ring,'' composed of a series of increasingly sharp subrings that correspond to increasingly strongly lensed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Paul Tiede , Michael D. Johnson , Dominic W. Pesce , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Dominic O. Chang , Peter Galison

The source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique has been demonstrated to have great advantages for mm-VLBI observations. By implementing simultaneous multi-frequency receiving systems on the next generation Event Horizon Telescope…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-20 Wu Jiang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Zhi-Qiang Shen , María Rioja , Richard Dodson , Ilje Cho , Shan-Shan Zhao , Marshall Eubanks , Ru-Sen Lu

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) from the ground at millimeter wavelengths can resolve the black hole shadow around two supermassive black holes, Sagittarius A* and M87. The addition of modest telescopes in space would allow the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-15 Vincent L. Fish , Maura Shea , Kazunori Akiyama

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has recently published the first horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A* and provided some first information on the physical conditions in their vicinity. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-20 Kotaro Moriyama , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yosuke Mizuno , Christian M. Fromm , Antonios Nathanail , Luciano Rezzolla

The advancement of neutrino observatories has sparked a surge in multi-messenger astronomy. Multiple neutrino associations among blazars are reported while neutrino production site is located within their central (sub)parsecs. Yet many…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-11 Y. Y. Kovalev , A. V. Plavin , A. B. Pushkarev , S. V. Troitsky

We have now entered the new era of high-resolution imaging astronomy with the beginning of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The EHT can resolve the dynamics of matter in the immediate vicinity around black holes at and below the horizon…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-15 Paul Tiede , Hung-Yi Pu , Avery E. Broderick , Roman Gold , Mansour Karami , Jorge A. Preciado-López

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that aims to observe supermassive black holes with an angular resolution that is comparable to the event horizon scale. The South Pole occupies an…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has successfully revealed the shadow of the supermassive black hole, M87*, with an unprecedented angular resolution of approximately 20 uas at 230 GHz. However, because of limited short baseline lengths,…

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-31 Dhanya G. Nair , Neil M. Nagar , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Maciek Wielgus , Vicente Arratia , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Xinyue A. Zhang , Angelo Ricarte , Silpa S. , Joaquín Hernández-Yévenes , Nicole M. Ford , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , Mark Gurwell , Roman Burridge , Dominic W. Pesce , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Jae-Young Kim , Daewon Kim , Michael Janssen , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Christian M. Fromm , Deokhyeong Lee , Heino Falcke , Jan Wagner , Geoffrey C. Bower , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , Dong-Jin Kim , Kazunori Akiyama , Keiichi Asada , Patricia Arevalo , Hayley Bignall , Lindy Blackburn , Avery E. Broderick , Andreas Brunthaler , Chi-kwan Chan , Akihiro Doi , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , José L. Gómez , Daryl Haggard , Kazuhiro Hada , Rodrigo Herrera-Camus , Daniel Hoak , David Hughes , Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo , Svetlana Jorstad , Michael D. Johnson , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Preeti Kharb , Jun Yi Koay , Shoko Koyama , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Nathan W. C. Leigh , Paulina Lira , Michael Lindqvist , Andrei P. Lobanov , Wen-Ping Lo , Ru-Sen Lu , Sera Markoff , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama , Lynn D. Matthews , Satoki Matsushita , Mar Mezcua , Monika Moscibrodzka , Hendrik Müller , Hiroshi Nagai , Masanori Nakamura , Priyamvada Natarajan , Gopal Narayanan , Michael A. Nowak , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Jongho Park , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Oliver Porth , Ramprasad Rao , Cormac Reynolds , Rodrigo Reeves , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Dominik Schleicher , Tuomas Savolainen , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Ezequiel Treister , Kaj Wiik , J. Anton Zensus