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Deep Learning models have shown very promising results in automatically composing polyphonic music pieces. However, it is very hard to control such models in order to guide the compositions towards a desired goal. We are interested in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Lucas N. Ferreira , Jim Whitehead

Digital advances have transformed the face of automatic music generation since its beginnings at the dawn of computing. Despite the many breakthroughs, issues such as the musical tasks targeted by different machines and the degree to which…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Dorien Herremans , Ching-Hua Chuan , Elaine Chew

The variational auto-encoder has become a leading framework for symbolic music generation, and a popular research direction is to study how to effectively control the generation process. A straightforward way is to control a model using…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Jingwei Zhao , Gus Xia , Ye Wang

Understanding how large audio models represent music, and using that understanding to steer generation, is both challenging and underexplored. Inspired by mechanistic interpretability in language models, where direction vectors in…

Deep generative models produce data according to a learned representation, e.g. diffusion models, through a process of approximation computing possible samples. Approximation can be understood as reconstruction and the large datasets used…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Luís Arandas , Mick Grierson , Miguel Carvalhais

This paper introduces the ACCompanion, an expressive accompaniment system. Similarly to a musician who accompanies a soloist playing a given musical piece, our system can produce a human-like rendition of the accompaniment part that follows…

We present a delay-compensating control method that transforms exponentially stabilizing controllers for an undelayed system into a sample-based predictive controller with numerical integration. Our method handles both first-order and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-01 Xichen Shi , Michael O'Connell , Soon-Jo Chung

Multi-modal music generation, using multiple modalities like text, images, and video alongside musical scores and audio as guidance, is an emerging research area with broad applications. This paper reviews this field, categorizing music…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shuyu Li , Shulei Ji , Zihao Wang , Songruoyao Wu , Jiaxing Yu , Kejun Zhang

The predominant knowledge-based approach to automated model construction, compositional modelling, employs a set of models of particular functional components. Its inference mechanism takes a scenario describing the constituent interacting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 J. Keppens , Q. Shen

Real-time music accompaniment generation has a wide range of applications in the music industry, such as music education and live performances. However, automatic real-time music accompaniment generation is still understudied and often…

Symbolic music generation aims to create musical notes, which can help users compose music, such as generating target instrument tracks based on provided source tracks. In practical scenarios where there's a predefined ensemble of tracks…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ang Lv , Xu Tan , Peiling Lu , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Jiang Bian , Rui Yan

Evaluating generative models remains a fundamental challenge, particularly when the goal is to reflect human preferences. In this paper, we use music generation as a case study to investigate the gap between automatic evaluation metrics and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Huan Zhang , Jinhua Liang , Huy Phan , Wenwu Wang , Emmanouil Benetos

Emotions are fundamental to the creation and perception of music performances. However, achieving human-like expression and emotion through machine learning models for performance rendering remains a challenging task. In this work, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ilya Borovik , Dmitrii Gavrilev , Vladimir Viro

Creating music is iterative, requiring varied methods at each stage. However, existing AI music systems fall short in orchestrating multiple subsystems for diverse needs. To address this gap, we introduce Loop Copilot, a novel system that…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yixiao Zhang , Akira Maezawa , Gus Xia , Kazuhiko Yamamoto , Simon Dixon

Continuous-time generative models have achieved remarkable success in image restoration and synthesis. However, controlling the composition of multiple pre-trained models remains an open challenge. Current approaches largely treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Riccardo Barbano , Alexander Denker , Zeljko Kereta , Runchang Li , Francisco Vargas

Recent music generation methods based on transformers have a context window of up to a minute. The music generated by these methods is largely unstructured beyond the context window. With a longer context window, learning long-scale…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lilac Atassi

We propose a method for compositional verification to address the state space explosion problem inherent to model-checking timed systems with a large number of components. The main challenge is to obtain pertinent global timing constraints…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Lacramioara Astefanoaei , Souha Ben Rayana , Saddek Bensalem , Marius Bozga , Jacques Combaz

Symbolic music generation faces a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and quality. Fine-grained tokenizations achieve strong coherence but incur long sequences and high complexity, while compact tokenizations improve efficiency at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ting-Kang Wang , Chih-Pin Tan , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Gesture-driven music generation is an emerging human-computer interaction paradigm for touch-free and expressive musical interaction. However, many existing approaches treat the task as isolated gesture classification or map gestures to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Rathinaraja Jeyaraj , Barathi Subramanian , Kapilya Gangadharan , Anand Paul

This paper introduces the first system for performing automatic orchestration based on a real-time piano input. We believe that it is possible to learn the underlying regularities existing between piano scores and their orchestrations by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-19 Léopold Crestel , Philippe Esling