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In this paper, we explore the potential for quantum annealing to solve realistic routing problems. We focus on two NP-Hard problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-01 James B. Holliday , Darren Blount , Eneko Osaba , Khoa Luu

This article aims to bring quantum computing to robotics. A quantum algorithm is developed to minimize the distance travelled in warehouses and distribution centres where order picking is applied. For this, a proof of concept is proposed…

Quantum optimization solvers typically rely on one-variable-to-one-qubit mapping. However, the low qubit count on current quantum computers is a major obstacle in competing against classical methods. Here, we develop a qubit-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Maxime Dupont

Efficient optimisation algorithms have become important tools for finding high-quality solutions to hard, real-world problems such as production scheduling, timetabling, or vehicle routing. These algorithms are typically "black boxes" that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Jie Liu , Tim Dwyer , Guido Tack , Samuel Gratzl , Kim Marriott

We propose a hierarchical quantum approximate optimization framework for solving large-scale Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The method decomposes a VRP instance into balanced clusters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Shreetam Dash , Shreya Banerjee , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Multi-period stock-keeping unit (SKU) allocation in supply chains is a combinatorial optimization problem that is both NP-hard and operationally critical, requiring simultaneous attention to profitability, feasibility, and diversity.…

Major players in the global aerospace industry are shifting their focus toward achieving net carbon-neutral operations by 2050. A considerable portion of the overall carbon emission reduction is expected to come from new aircraft…

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem (QUBO) has become a unifying model for representing a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems, and for linking a variety of disciplines that face these problems. A new class…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Mark Lewis , Fred Glover

Quantum computing and machine learning have potential for symbiosis. However, in addition to the hardware limitations from current devices, there are still basic issues that must be addressed before quantum circuits can usefully incorporate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Fabio Sanches , Sean Weinberg , Takanori Ide , Kazumitsu Kamiya

This paper introduces a new approach to improve the performance of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) solvers for a high number of nodes. It proposes to cluster nodes together using Recursive-DBSCAN - an…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Kamil Bujel , Feiko Lai , Michal Szczecinski , Winnie So , Miguel Fernandez

Optimisation algorithms designed to work on quantum computers or other specialised hardware have been of research interest in recent years. Many of these solver can only optimise problems that are in binary and quadratic form. Quadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-23 Mayowa Ayodele

Wireless Multihop Networks (WMHNs) have to strike a trade-off among diverse and often conflicting Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. The resultant solutions may be included by the Pareto Front under the concept of Pareto Optimality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-26 D. Alanis , P. Botsinis , Z. Babar , H. V. Nguyen , D. Chandra , S. X. Ng , L. Hanzo

Demonstrating the practical utility of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware for recurrent tasks in Computer-Aided Drug Discovery is of paramount importance. We tackle this challenge by performing three-dimensional protein…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Daniele Loco , Kisa Barkemeyer , Andre R. R. Carvalho , Jean-Philip Piquemal

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and its derived variants are widely in use for approximating combinatorial optimization problem instances on gate-based Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Commonly,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Simon Garhofer , Oliver Bringmann

As quantum hardware increases in complexity, successful algorithmic execution relies more heavily on awareness of existing device constraints. In this work we focus on the problem of routing quantum information across the machine to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-03 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Many of the envisioned use-cases for quantum computers involve optimisation processes. While there are many algorithmic primitives to perform the required calculations, all eventually lead to quantum gates operating on quantum bits, with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Lukas Schmidbauer , Elisabeth Lobe , Ina Schaefer , Wolfgang Mauerer

Variational quantum algorithms are promising applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. These algorithms consist of a number of separate prepare-and-measure experiments that estimate terms in a Hamiltonian. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-25 Andrew Zhao , Andrew Tranter , William M. Kirby , Shu Fay Ung , Akimasa Miyake , Peter Love

The well-known Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) aims to reduce the cost of moving goods between several destinations while accommodating constraints like set time windows for certain locations and vehicle capacity.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Alexander E. I. Brownlee , Orchid Chetia Phukan , Karan Malik , Samar Wazir

Challenging combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Several quantum methods for optimization have recently been developed, in different settings including both exact and approximate solvers. Addressing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Nicolas PD Sawaya , Albert T Schmitz , Stuart Hadfield

In this paper, we propose a quantum computing oriented benchmark for combinatorial optimization. This benchmark, coined as QOPTLib, is composed of 40 instances equally distributed over four well-known problems: Traveling Salesman Problem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-25 Eneko Osaba , Esther Villar-Rodriguez