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Math word problems (MWPs) is a task that automatically derives solution expression from a giving math problems in text. The previous studies suffer from spurious correlations between input text and output expression. To mitigate this issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jing Xiong , Zhongwei Wan , Xiping Hu , Min Yang , Chengming Li

The ability of semantic reasoning over the sentence pair is essential for many natural language understanding tasks, e.g., natural language inference and machine reading comprehension. A recent significant improvement in these tasks comes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Weidi Xu , Xingyi Cheng , Kunlong Chen , Wei Wang , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Chen Wu , Luo Si , Wei Chu , Taifeng Wang

Symbolic regression (SR), the task of discovering mathematical expressions that best describe a given dataset, remains a fundamental challenge in scientific discovery. Traditional approaches, primarily based on genetic algorithms and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hao Liu , Xiao-Wen Yang , Atharva Sehgal , Yixin Wang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Yisong Yue

Dynamic regression trees are an attractive option for automatic regression and classification with complicated response surfaces in on-line application settings. We create a sequential tree model whose state changes in time with the…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-11-23 Matthew A. Taddy , Robert B. Gramacy , Nicholas G. Polson

This paper proposes a method for recognizing online handwritten mathematical expressions (OnHME) by building a symbol relation tree (SRT) directly from a sequence of strokes. A bidirectional recurrent neural network learns from multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Thanh-Nghia Truong , Hung Tuan Nguyen , Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Masaki Nakagawa

Solving arithmetic word problems is a cornerstone task in assessing language understanding and reasoning capabilities in NLP systems. Recent works use automatic extraction and ranking of candidate solution equations providing the answer to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Klim Zaporojets , Giannis Bekoulis , Johannes Deleu , Thomas Demeester , Chris Develder

Symbolic Regression aims to automatically identify compact and interpretable mathematical expressions that model the functional relationship between input and output variables. Most existing search-based symbolic regression methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianwen Sun , Xinrui Li , Fuqing Li , Xiaoxuan Shen

Symbolic regression aims to discover human-interpretable equations that explain observational data. However, existing approaches rely heavily on discrete structure search (e.g., genetic programming), which often leads to high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Fateme Memar , Tao Zhe , Dongjie Wang

We initiate a novel approach to explain the predictions and out of sample performance of random forest (RF) regression and classification models by exploiting the fact that any RF can be mathematically formulated as an adaptive weighted K…

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover interpretable analytical expressions that accurately describe observed data. Amortized SR promises to be much more efficient than the predominant genetic programming SR methods, but currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Paul Saegert , Ullrich Köthe

This paper presents a Probabilistic State Algebra as an extension of deterministic propositional logic, providing a computational framework for constructing Markov Random Fields (MRFs) through pure linear algebra. By mapping logical states…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dmitry Lesnik , Tobias Schäfer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally relies on scalar reward signals, limiting its ability to leverage the rich semantic knowledge often available in real-world tasks. In contrast, humans learn efficiently by combining numerical…

Deep learning and symbolic learning are two frequently employed methods in Sequential Recommendation (SR). Recent neural-symbolic SR models demonstrate their potential to enable SR to be equipped with concurrent perception and cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Huanhuan Yuan , Pengpeng Zhao , Xuefeng Xian , Guanfeng Liu , Victor S. Sheng , Lei Zhao

The most fundamental problem in statistical causality is determining causal relationships from limited data. Probability trees, which combine prior causal structures with Bayesian updates, have been suggested as a possible solution. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Tue Herlau

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a powerful technique for automatically discovering mathematical expressions from input data. Mainstream SR algorithms search for the optimal symbolic tree in a vast function space, but the increasing complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinxin Li , Juan Zhang , Da Li , Xingyu Liu , Jin Xu , Junping Yin

Symbolic regression is the machine learning method for learning functions from data. After a brief overview of the symbolic regression landscape, I will describe the two main challenges that traditional algorithms face: they have an unknown…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-18 Harry Desmond

Growing interest in modelling complex systems from brains to societies to cities using networks has led to increased efforts to describe generative processes that explain those networks. Recent successes in machine learning have prompted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Govind Gandhi

State-space models (SSMs) are a highly expressive model class for learning patterns in time series data and for system identification. Deterministic versions of SSMs (e.g. LSTMs) proved extremely successful in modeling complex time series…

Machine learning methods trained on raw numerical time series data exhibit fundamental limitations such as a high sensitivity to the hyper parameters and even to the initialization of random weights. A combination of a recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Steven Elsworth , Stefan Güttel

We propose a procedure to build a decision tree which approximates the performance of complex machine learning models. This single approximation tree can be used to interpret and simplify the predicting pattern of random forests (RFs) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker