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Machine learning models struggle with generalization when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples with unexpected distribution shifts. For vision tasks, recent studies have shown that test-time adaptation employing diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yun-Yun Tsai , Fu-Chen Chen , Albert Y. C. Chen , Junfeng Yang , Che-Chun Su , Min Sun , Cheng-Hao Kuo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation is considered a hallmark of human and animal intelligence. To achieve OOD through composition, a system must discover the environment-invariant properties of experienced input-output mappings and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 George Dimitriadis , Spyridon Samothrakis

Research around Spiking Neural Networks has ignited during the last years due to their advantages when compared to traditional neural networks, including their efficient processing and inherent ability to model complex temporal dynamics.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Aitor Martinez Seras , Javier Del Ser , Jesus L. Lobo , Pablo Garcia-Bringas , Nikola Kasabov

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, enabling the identification of unknown samples or objects. A prominent approach to enhance OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Heng Gao , Jun Li

In real world scenarios, out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets may have a large distributional shift from training datasets. This phenomena generally occurs when a trained classifier is deployed on varying dynamic environments, which causes a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Harshita Boonlia , Tanmoy Dam , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Sreenatha G. Anavatti , Ankan Mullick

Out-of-distribution (OoD) generalization occurs when representation learning encounters a distribution shift. This occurs frequently in practice when training and testing data come from different environments. Covariate shift is a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Simon Zhang , Ryan P. DeMilt , Kun Jin , Cathy H. Xia

Our goal is to perform out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, i.e., to detect when a robot is operating in environments drawn from a different distribution than the ones used to train the robot. We leverage Probably Approximately Correct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Alec Farid , Sushant Veer , Divyanshu Pachisia , Anirudha Majumdar

Out-of-distribution detection is an important capability that has long eluded vanilla neural networks. Deep Neural networks (DNNs) tend to generate over-confident predictions when presented with inputs that are significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Sumedh A Sontakke , Buvaneswari Ramanan , Laurent Itti , Thomas Woo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved impressive performance when testing and training graph data come from identical distribution. However, existing GNNs lack out-of-distribution generalization abilities so that their performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Haoyang Li , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Uncertainties in machine learning are a significant roadblock for its application in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). One source of uncertainty arises from distribution shifts in the input data between training and test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Yeli Feng , Daniel Jun Xian Ng , Arvind Easwaran

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliable and safe deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Great progress has been made over the past years. This paper presents the first review of recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Yixuan Li , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for improving the reliability of deep neural networks in the real-world deployment. In this paper, inspired by the inherent distribution shift between ID and OOD data, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Ao Ke , Wenlong Chen , Chuanwen Feng , Yukun Cao , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou , Lei Feng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation with distribution shifts. The challenge is that distribution shifts on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Tianyi Bao , Junchi Yan

Uncertainty estimation is a key component in any deployed machine learning system. One way to evaluate uncertainty estimation is using "out-of-distribution" (OoD) detection, that is, distinguishing between the training data distribution and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Haiwen Huang , Joost van Amersfoort , Yarin Gal

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization deals with the prevalent learning scenario where test distribution shifts from training distribution. With rising application demands and inherent complexity, graph OOD problems call for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiner Li , Shurui Gui , Youzhi Luo , Shuiwang Ji

This paper introduces a novel approach to securing machine learning model deployments against potential distribution shifts in practical applications, the Total Variation Out-of-Distribution (TV-OOD) detection method. Existing methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Dabiao Ma , Zhiba Su , Jian Yang , Haojun Fei

In the field of computer vision, fine-tuning pre-trained models has become a prevalent strategy for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization tasks. Different from most prior work that has focused on advancing learning algorithms, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hiroki Naganuma , Ryuichiro Hataya , Kotaro Yoshida , Ioannis Mitliagkas

Time series frequently manifest distribution shifts, diverse latent features, and non-stationary learning dynamics, particularly in open and evolving environments. These characteristics pose significant challenges for out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xin Wu , Fei Teng , Xingwang Li , Ji Zhang , Tianrui Li , Qiang Duan

Machine learning models are prone to making incorrect predictions on inputs that are far from the training distribution. This hinders their deployment in safety-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles and healthcare. The detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ramneet Kaur , Kaustubh Sridhar , Sangdon Park , Susmit Jha , Anirban Roy , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Recent advances in deep learning have led to breakthroughs in the development of automated skin disease classification. As we observe an increasing interest in these models in the dermatology space, it is crucial to address aspects such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Hannah Kim , Girmaw Abebe Tadesse , Celia Cintas , Skyler Speakman , Kush Varshney
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