English
Related papers

Related papers: Language models are not naysayers: An analysis of …

200 papers

We study how Large Language Models (LLMs) process negation mechanistically. First, we establish that even though open-weight models often provide wrong answers to questions involving negation, they do possess internal components that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhejian Zhou , Tianyi Zhou , Robin Jia , Jonathan May

Although large language models (LLMs) have apparently acquired a certain level of grammatical knowledge and the ability to make generalizations, they fail to interpret negation, a crucial step in Natural Language Processing. We try to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Iker García-Ferrero , Begoña Altuna , Javier Álvez , Itziar Gonzalez-Dios , German Rigau

Negation is a common linguistic feature that is crucial in many language understanding tasks, yet it remains a hard problem due to diversity in its expression in different types of text. Recent work has shown that state-of-the-art NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Thinh Hung Truong , Timothy Baldwin , Trevor Cohn , Karin Verspoor

Negations are key to determining sentence meaning, making them essential for logical reasoning. Despite their importance, negations pose a substantial challenge for large language models (LLMs) and remain underexplored. We constructed and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tereza Vrabcová , Marek Kadlčík , Petr Sojka , Michal Štefánik , Michal Spiegel

Negation is a core construction in natural language. Despite being very successful on many tasks, state-of-the-art pre-trained language models often handle negation incorrectly. To improve language models in this regard, we propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Arian Hosseini , Siva Reddy , Dzmitry Bahdanau , R Devon Hjelm , Alessandro Sordoni , Aaron Courville

Many practical vision-language applications require models that understand negation, e.g., when using natural language to retrieve images which contain certain objects but not others. Despite advancements in vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Kumail Alhamoud , Shaden Alshammari , Yonglong Tian , Guohao Li , Philip Torr , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Negation is a fundamental linguistic phenomenon that poses ongoing challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in tasks requiring deep semantic understanding. Current benchmarks often treat negation as a minor detail within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yeonkyoung So , Gyuseong Lee , Sungmok Jung , Joonhak Lee , JiA Kang , Sangho Kim , Jaejin Lee

Despite rapid adoption of autoregressive large language models, smaller text encoders still play an important role in text understanding tasks that require rich contextualized representations. Negation is an important semantic function that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Thinh Hung Truong , Karin Verspoor , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Negation is a fundamental aspect of human communication, yet it remains a challenge for Language Models (LMs) in Information Retrieval (IR). Despite the heavy reliance of modern neural IR systems on LMs, little attention has been given to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Coen van den Elsen , Francien Barkhof , Thijmen Nijdam , Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi

Several methodologies have recently been proposed to evaluate the ability of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) to interpret negation. In this article, we build on Gubelmann and Handschuh (2022), which studies the modification of PLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 David Kletz , Pascal Amsili , Marie Candito

Large language models underestimate the impact of negations on how much they change the meaning of a sentence. Therefore, learned evaluation metrics based on these models are insensitive to negations. In this paper, we propose NegBLEURT, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Miriam Anschütz , Diego Miguel Lozano , Georg Groh

In this work, we measure the impact of affixal negation on modern English large language models (LLMs). In affixal negation, the negated meaning is expressed through a negative morpheme, which is potentially challenging for LLMs as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Thinh Hung Truong , Yulia Otmakhova , Karin Verspoor , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Negation is a fundamental linguistic phenomenon that can entirely reverse the meaning of a sentence. As vision language models (VLMs) continue to advance and are deployed in high-stakes applications, assessing their ability to comprehend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yuhui Zhang , Yuchang Su , Yiming Liu , Serena Yeung-Levy

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Pre-training by language modeling has become a popular and successful approach to NLP tasks, but we have yet to understand exactly what linguistic capacities these pre-training processes confer upon models. In this paper we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Allyson Ettinger

This study investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the context of Binary Reverse Engineering (RE). Employing a structured experimental approach, we analyzed the LLM's performance in interpreting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Saman Pordanesh , Benjamin Tan

Multimodal learning can benefit from the representation power of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs). However, state-of-the-art transformer based LLMs often ignore negations in natural language and there is no existing benchmark to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Judith Yue Li , Aren Jansen , Qingqing Huang , Joonseok Lee , Ravi Ganti , Dima Kuzmin

Large language models (LLMs) are the result of a massive experiment in bottom-up, data-driven reverse engineering of language at scale. Despite their utility in a number of downstream NLP tasks, ample research has shown that LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Walid S. Saba

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited remarkable advancements in integrating different modalities, excelling in complex understanding and generation tasks. Despite their success, MLLMs remain vulnerable to conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Bin Zhu , Yinxuan Gui , Huiyan Qi , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo , Ee-Peng Lim

Foundational Large Language Models (LLMs) have changed the way we perceive technology. They have been shown to excel in tasks ranging from poem writing and coding to essay generation and puzzle solving. With the incorporation of image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Mohammad Nadeem , Shahab Saquib Sohail , Erik Cambria , Björn W. Schuller , Amir Hussain
‹ Prev 1 2 3 10 Next ›