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Due to the multitude of scales present in realistic oceanic conditions, resolving the surface stress is computationally intensive, motivating modeling approaches. In this work, a dynamic wave drag model is developed for Large Eddy…
In large eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flows over wind farms, wall-layer models are generally imposed for the surface fluxes without considering the spatial variability of the surface roughness. In this study, we consider…
Winds in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) display a wide range of velocity profiles and turbulence properties that affect wind turbine wake dynamics. However, standard concurrent-precursor large eddy simulations (LES) often neglect…
Wind turbines operate in the atmospheric boundary layer, where they are exposed to the turbulent atmospheric flows. As the response time of wind turbine is typically in the range of seconds, they are affected by the small scale intermittent…
In this study, we present an improved formulation for the wake-added turbulence to enhance the accuracy of intra-farm and farm-to-farm wake modeling through analytical frameworks. Our goal is to address the tendency of a commonly used…
This paper presents a computationally efficient, linearised numerical method for modelling aerodynamic interactions between wind farms. The linearised two-dimensional incompressible equations are solved using Fourier transforms in the…
A purely analytical wake model for wind turbines is derived, anchored exclusively in physical interactions between atmospheric turbulence and turbine dynamics, and thus inherently accounting for atmospheric stratification. Unlike empirical…
The atmospheric boundary layer undergoes significant changes throughout a diurnal cycle, affecting wind turbine performance and wakes in wind farms. Wind farm Large Eddy Simulations (LES) under such conditions provide rich datasets to study…
A new theoretical method is presented for future multi-scale aerodynamic optimisation of very large wind farms. The new method combines a recent two-scale coupled momentum analysis of ideal wind turbine arrays with the classical…
Under the term global blockage, the cumulative induction of wind turbines in a wind farm has been recently suspected to be responsible for observed overestimations of the energy yield in large-size wind farms. In this paper, the practice of…
Active power control regulates the total power generated by wind farms with the power consumed on the electricity grid. Due to wake effects, the available power is reduced and turbulence is increased at downstream wind turbines. Such…
Active wake control (AWC) has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing wind turbine wake recovery, but accurately modelling its underlying fluid mechanisms remains challenging. This study presents a computationally efficient wake model…
We present a suite of large-eddy simulations of a wind farm operating in conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers (CNBLs). A fixed 1.6 GW wind farm is considered for 40 different atmospheric stratification conditions to…
Wind energy plays an increasing role in the supply of energy world-wide. The energy output of a wind farm is highly dependent on the weather condition present at the wind farm. If the output can be predicted more accurately, energy…
This paper presents a comprehensive risk assessment model for power distribution networks with a focus on the influence of climate conditions and vegetation management on outage risks. Using a dataset comprising outage records,…
Fluctuations represent a major challenge for the incorporation of electric power from large wind-farms into power grids. Wind farm power output fluctuates strongly in time, over various time scales. Understanding these fluctuations,…
The power output of wind farms depends strongly on spatial turbine arrangement, and the resulting turbulent interactions with the atmospheric boundary layer. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of turbine layout on the power…
To achieve decarbonization targets, wind turbines are growing in hub height, rotor diameter, and are being deployed in new locations with diverse atmospheric conditions not previously seen, such as offshore. Physics-based analytical wake…
Wind turbines located in wind farms are operated to maximize only their own power production. Individual operation results in wake losses that reduce farm energy. In this study, we operate a wind turbine array collectively to maximize total…
The vectoral wind structure of daytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulence is strongly dependent on the balance between shear-driven turbulence production of horizontal fluctuations (driven by winds at the mesoscale), and…