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Causal structure learning has been a challenging task in the past decades and several mainstream approaches such as constraint- and score-based methods have been studied with theoretical guarantees. Recently, a new approach has transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ignavier Ng , Shengyu Zhu , Zhitang Chen , Zhuangyan Fang

We study the problem of efficiently estimating the effect of an intervention on a single variable (atomic interventions) using observational samples in a causal Bayesian network. Our goal is to give algorithms that are efficient in both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Arnab Bhattacharyya , Sutanu Gayen , Saravanan Kandasamy , Ashwin Maran , N. V. Vinodchandran

We consider an online decision making setting known as contextual bandit problem, and propose an approach for improving contextual bandit performance by using an adaptive feature extraction (representation learning) based on online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Baihan Lin , Djallel Bouneffouf , Guillermo Cecchi , Irina Rish

We consider a novel variant of the contextual bandit problem (i.e., the multi-armed bandit with side-information, or context, available to a decision-maker) where the reward associated with each context-based decision may not always be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Djallel Bouneffouf , Sohini Upadhyay , Yasaman Khazaeni

We consider a causal inference model in which individuals interact in a social network and they may not comply with the assigned treatments. In particular, we suppose that the form of network interference is unknown to researchers. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-24 Tadao Hoshino , Takahide Yanagi

Recovering causal relationships from data is an important problem. Using observational data, one can typically only recover causal graphs up to a Markov equivalence class and additional assumptions or interventional data are needed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Davin Choo , Kirankumar Shiragur

We provide the first oracle efficient sublinear regret algorithms for adversarial versions of the contextual bandit problem. In this problem, the learner repeatedly makes an action on the basis of a context and receives reward for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Vasilis Syrgkanis , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Robert E. Schapire

Causal representation learning seeks to extract high-level latent factors from low-level sensory data. Most existing methods rely on observational data and structural assumptions (e.g., conditional independence) to identify the latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Kartik Ahuja , Divyat Mahajan , Yixin Wang , Yoshua Bengio

The standard contextual bandit framework assumes fully observable and actionable contexts. In this work, we consider a new bandit setting with partially observable, correlated contexts and linear payoffs, motivated by the applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

In scientific domains -- from biology to the social sciences -- many questions boil down to \textit{What effect will we observe if we intervene on a particular variable?} If the causal relationships (e.g.~a causal graph) are known, it is…

Contextual bandit algorithms are at the core of many applications, including recommender systems, clinical trials, and optimal portfolio selection. One of the most popular problems studied in the contextual bandit literature is to maximize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Siddhant Chaudhary , Abhishek Sinha

Unobserved confounding is one of the greatest challenges for causal discovery. The case in which unobserved variables have a widespread effect on many of the observed ones is particularly difficult because most pairs of variables are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-26 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

Estimating causal effects from nonexperimental data is a fundamental problem in many fields of science. A key component of this task is selecting an appropriate set of covariates for confounding adjustment to avoid bias. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zheng Li , Xichen Guo , Feng Xie , Yan Zeng , Hao Zhang , Zhi Geng

This paper deals with the problem of evaluating the causal effect using observational data in the presence of an unobserved exposure/ outcome variable, when cause-effect relationships between variables can be described as a directed acyclic…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-06-18 Manabu Kuroki , Zhihong Cai

Contextual bandits algorithms aim to choose the optimal arm with the highest reward out of a set of candidates based on the contextual information. Various bandit algorithms have been applied to real-world applications due to their ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yunzhe Qi , Yikun Ban , Jingrui He

We address the common yet often-overlooked selection bias in interventional studies, where subjects are selectively enrolled into experiments. For instance, participants in a drug trial are usually patients of the relevant disease; A/B…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Haoyue Dai , Ignavier Ng , Jianle Sun , Zeyu Tang , Gongxu Luo , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

We study the problem of causal structure learning over a set of random variables when the experimenter is allowed to perform at most $M$ experiments in a non-adaptive manner. We consider the optimal learning strategy in terms of minimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

In this paper, we formulate the multi-agent graph bandit problem as a multi-agent extension of the graph bandit problem introduced by Zhang, Johansson, and Li [CISS 57, 1-6 (2023)]. In our formulation, $N$ cooperative agents travel on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Phevos Paschalidis , Runyu Zhang , Na Li

Consider a bandit algorithm that recommends actions to self-interested users in a recommendation system. The users are free to choose other actions and need to be incentivized to follow the algorithm's recommendations. While the users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Xinyan Hu , Dung Daniel Ngo , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Zhiwei Steven Wu

An agent in a nonstationary contextual bandit problem should balance between exploration and the exploitation of (periodic or structured) patterns present in its previous experiences. Handcrafting an appropriate historical context is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aditya Ramesh , Paulo Rauber , Michelangelo Conserva , Jürgen Schmidhuber
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