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In this paper, we present a novel series of Russian information retrieval datasets constructed from the "Did you know..." section of Russian Wikipedia. Our datasets support a range of retrieval tasks, including fact-checking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Grigory Kovalev , Natalia Loukachevitch , Mikhail Tikhomirov , Olga Babina , Pavel Mamaev

Recently, it has been found that monolingual English language models can be used as knowledge bases. Instead of structural knowledge base queries, masked sentences such as "Paris is the capital of [MASK]" are used as probes. We translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nora Kassner , Philipp Dufter , Hinrich Schütze

Minimal pairs are a well-established approach to evaluating the grammatical knowledge of language models. However, existing resources for minimal pairs address a limited number of languages and lack diversity of language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Ekaterina Taktasheva , Maxim Bazhukov , Kirill Koncha , Alena Fenogenova , Ekaterina Artemova , Vladislav Mikhailov

The abundance of information in digital media, which in today's world is the main source of knowledge about current events for the masses, makes it possible to spread disinformation on a larger scale than ever before. Consequently, there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jędrzej Kozal , Michał Leś , Paweł Zyblewski , Paweł Ksieniewicz , Michał Woźniak

Reading comprehension is a well studied task, with huge training datasets in English. This work focuses on building reading comprehension systems for Czech, without requiring any manually annotated Czech training data. First of all, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Kateřina Macková , Milan Straka

Choosing an appropriate tokenization scheme is often a bottleneck in low-resource cross-lingual transfer. To understand the downstream implications of text representation choices, we perform a comparative analysis on language models having…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

The performance of sentiment analysis methods has greatly increased in recent years. This is due to the use of various models based on the Transformer architecture, in particular BERT. However, deep neural network models are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Anastasia Kotelnikova , Danil Paschenko , Klavdiya Bochenina , Evgeny Kotelnikov

Transformer-based language models trained on large text corpora have enjoyed immense popularity in the natural language processing community and are commonly used as a starting point for downstream tasks. While these models are undeniably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Vinitra Swamy , Angelika Romanou , Martin Jaggi

Code-switching, or alternating between languages within a single conversation, presents challenges for multilingual language models on NLP tasks. This research investigates if pre-training Multilingual BERT (mBERT) on code-switched datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Katherine Xie , Nitya Babbar , Vicky Chen , Yoanna Turura

Pre-trained multilingual language encoders, such as multilingual BERT and XLM-R, show great potential for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. However, these multilingual encoders do not precisely align words and phrases across languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Kuan-Hao Huang , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

We propose a method to transfer knowledge across neural machine translation (NMT) models by means of a shared dynamic vocabulary. Our approach allows to extend an initial model for a given language pair to cover new languages by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Surafel M. Lakew , Aliia Erofeeva , Matteo Negri , Marcello Federico , Marco Turchi

Scientific talks are a growing medium for disseminating research, and automatically identifying relevant literature that grounds or enriches a talk would be highly valuable for researchers and students alike. We introduce Reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Broy , Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) focuses on identifying emotion shifts within interactions, representing a significant step toward advancing machine intelligence. However, ERC data remains scarce, and existing datasets face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Burak Can Kaplan , Hugo Cesar De Castro Carneiro , Stefan Wermter

This study explores transformer-based models such as BERT, mBERT, and XLM-R for multi-lingual sentiment analysis across diverse linguistic structures. Key contributions include the identification of XLM-R superior adaptability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Mikhail Krasitskii , Olga Kolesnikova , Liliana Chanona Hernandez , Grigori Sidorov , Alexander Gelbukh

This study investigates the computational processing of euphemisms, a universal linguistic phenomenon, across multiple languages. We train a multilingual transformer model (XLM-RoBERTa) to disambiguate potentially euphemistic terms (PETs)…

Vocabulary learning is vital to foreign language learning. Correct and adequate feedback is essential to successful and satisfying vocabulary training. However, many vocabulary and language evaluation systems perform on simple rules and do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Anik Jacobsen , Salar Mohtaj , Sebastian Möller

In cross-lingual language understanding, machine translation is often utilized to enhance the transferability of models across languages, either by translating the training data from the source language to the target, or from the target to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Chuanqi Tan , Jun Huang , Jinhui Zhu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models organize knowledge into explicitly routed expert modules, making expert-level representations traceable and analyzable. By analyzing expert activation patterns in MoE large language models (LLMs), we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chang Liu , Boyu Shi , Xu Yang , Xin Geng

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

Recent advances in pre-training huge models on large amounts of text through self supervision have obtained state-of-the-art results in various natural language processing tasks. However, these huge and expensive models are difficult to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah