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Modern out-of-order processors face speculative execution attacks. Despite various proposed software and hardware mitigations to prevent such attacks, new attacks keep arising from unknown vulnerabilities. Thus, a formal and rigorous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Qinhan Tan , Yuheng Yang , Thomas Bourgeat , Sharad Malik , Mengjia Yan

Embedded software is developed under the assumption that hardware execution is always correct. Fault attacks break and exploit that assumption. Through the careful introduction of targeted faults, an adversary modifies the control-flow or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Bilgiday Yuce , Patrick Schaumont , Marc Witteman

Security of embedded computing systems is becoming of paramount concern as these devices become more ubiquitous, contain personal information and are increasingly used for financial transactions. Security attacks targeting embedded systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-11-09 Roshan G. Ragel , Jude A. Ambrose , Sri Parameswaran

We provide a queueing-theoretic framework for job replication schemes based on the principle "\emph{replicate a job as soon as the system detects it as a \emph{straggler}}". This is called job \emph{speculation}. Recent works have analyzed…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-02-23 Jonatha Anselmi , Neil Walton

Fine-tuning large language models often undermines their safety alignment, a problem further amplified by harmful fine-tuning attacks in which adversarial data removes safeguards and induces unsafe behaviors. We propose SPARD, a defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shuhao Chen , Weisen Jiang , Yeqi Gong , Shengda Luo , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Large language models increasingly use external tools such as web search and document retrieval to solve information-intensive tasks. However, multi-hop tool use in complex tasks introduces substantial latency, since the model must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mehrdad Saberi , Keivan Rezaei , Soheil Feizi

MicroScope, and microarchitectural replay attacks in general, take advantage of the characteristics of speculative execution to trap the execution of the victim application in an infinite loop, enabling the attacker to amplify a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Christos Sakalis , Stefanos Kaxiras , Magnus Själander

Secure network function computation is a critical research direction in network coding, which aims to ensure that the target function is correctly computed at the sink node while preventing the wiretapper from obtaining any information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Qin Zhou , Fang-Wei Fu

In-storage computing with modern solid-state drives (SSDs) enables developers to offload programs from the host to the SSD. It has been proven to be an effective approach to alleviate the I/O bottleneck. To facilitate in-storage computing,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Luyi Kang , Yuqi Xue , Weiwei Jia , Xiaohao Wang , Jongryool Kim , Changhwan Youn , Myeong Joon Kang , Hyung Jin Lim , Bruce Jacob , Jian Huang

Security issues in MANET are a challenging task nowadays. MANETs are vulnerable to passive attacks and active attacks because of a limited number of resources and lack of centralized authority. Blackhole attack is an attack in network layer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Jitendra Kumar Rout , Sourav Kumar Bhoi , Sanjaya Kumar Panda

Computer systems often provide hardware support for isolation mechanisms like privilege levels, virtual memory, or enclaved execution. Over the past years, several successful software-based side-channel attacks have been developed that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Matteo Busi , Job Noorman , Jo Van Bulck , Letterio Galletta , Pierpaolo Degano , Jan Tobias Mühlberg , Frank Piessens

Specialized hardware accelerators have been designed and employed to maximize the performance efficiency of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). However, such accelerators are vulnerable to transient faults (i.e., soft errors), which occur due…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

SafePredict is a novel meta-algorithm that works with any base prediction algorithm for online data to guarantee an arbitrarily chosen correctness rate, $1-\epsilon$, by allowing refusals. Allowing refusals means that the meta-algorithm may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Mustafa A. Kocak , David Ramirez , Elza Erkip , Dennis E. Shasha

Security vulnerability analysis of Integrated Circuits using conventional design-time validation and verification techniques (like simulations, emulations, etc.) is generally a computationally intensive task and incomplete by nature,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Faiq Khalid , Imran Hafeez Abbassi , Semeen Rehman , Awais Mehmood Kamboh , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

In federated learning, multiple parties collaborate in order to train a global model over their respective datasets. Even though cryptographic primitives (e.g., homomorphic encryption) can help achieve data privacy in this setting, some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Javad Ghareh Chamani , Dimitrios Papadopoulos

Cybersecurity research increasingly depends on reproducible evidence, such as traffic traces, logs, and labeled datasets, yet most public datasets remain static and offer limited support for controlled re-execution and traceability,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Leonardo Bitzki , Diego Kreutz , Tiago Heinrich , Douglas Fideles , Leandro Bertholdo , Silvio Quincozes , Angelo Diniz

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks. By tuning only a minimal set of (extra) parameters, PEFT achieves performance that is comparable to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Lauren Hong , Ting Wang

Modern computing systems face security threats, including memory corruption attacks, speculative execution vulnerabilities, and control-flow hijacking. Although existing solutions address these threats individually, they frequently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Suraj Kumar Sah , Love Kumar Sah

This work unifies insights from the systems and functional programming communities, in order to enable compositional reasoning about software which is nonetheless efficiently realizable in hardware. It exploits a correspondence between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Thomas Dickerson