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In practical applications of machine learning, it is necessary to look beyond standard metrics such as test accuracy in order to validate various qualitative properties of a model. Partial dependence plots (PDP), including instance-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 David I. Inouye , Liu Leqi , Joon Sik Kim , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar

Predictive models often degrade in performance due to evolving data distributions, a phenomenon known as data drift. Among its forms, concept drift, where the relationship between explanatory variables and the response variable changes, is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-18 Ugur Dar , Mustafa Cavus

One of the most popular approaches to understanding feature effects of modern black box machine learning models are partial dependence plots (PDP). These plots are easy to understand but only able to visualize low order dependencies. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-17 Gero Szepannek

This article presents Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) plots, a tool for visualizing the model estimated by any supervised learning algorithm. Classical partial dependence plots (PDPs) help visualize the average partial relationship…

Applications · Statistics 2014-03-21 Alex Goldstein , Adam Kapelner , Justin Bleich , Emil Pitkin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has mainly focused on static learning scenarios so far. We are interested in dynamic scenarios where data is sampled progressively, and learning is done in an incremental rather than a batch mode.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fabian Fumagalli , Maximilian Muschalik , Eyke Hüllermeier , Barbara Hammer

Explaining artificial intelligence or machine learning models is increasingly important. To use such data-driven systems wisely we must understand how they interact with the world, including how they depend causally on data inputs. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Joshua R. Loftus , Lucius E. J. Bynum , Sakina Hansen

Learning domain adaptive policies that can generalize to unseen transition dynamics, remains a fundamental challenge in learning-based control. Substantial progress has been made through domain representation learning to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Pengcheng Wang , Qinghang Liu , Haotian Lin , Yiheng Li , Guojian Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Yixiao Wang

This paper presents a new formulation for model-free robust optimal regulation of continuous-time nonlinear systems. The proposed reinforcement learning based approach, referred to as incremental adaptive dynamic programming (IADP),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-25 Cong Li , Yongchao Wang , Fangzhou Liu , Qingchen Liu , Martin Buss

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a powerful abstraction for tasks that require decision making under uncertainty, and capture a wide range of real world tasks. Today, effective planning approaches exist that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-24 Sebastian Tschiatschek , Kai Arulkumaran , Jan Stühmer , Katja Hofmann

Autonomous agents are limited in their ability to observe the world state. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) formally model the problem of planning under world state uncertainty, but POMDPs with continuous actions and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Dicong Qiu , Yibiao Zhao , Chris L. Baker

As machine learning systems become more ubiquitous, methods for understanding and interpreting these models become increasingly important. In particular, practitioners are often interested both in what features the model relies on and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Andrew Yeh , Anhthy Ngo

The eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research predominantly concentrates to provide explainations about AI model decisions, especially Deep Learning (DL) models. However, there is a growing interest in using XAI techniques to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrea Apicella , Salvatore Giugliano , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete

The partial domain adaptation (PDA) challenge is a prevalent issue in industrial fault diagnosis. Drawing inspiration from traditional classification settings where such partial challenge is not a concern, we propose a novel PDA framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Gecheng Chen

Most predictive models assume that training and test data are generated from a stationary process. However, this assumption does not hold true in practice. In this paper, we consider the scenario of a gradual concept drift due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Subhro Das , Prasanth Lade , Soundar Srinivasan

Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs) visualize how changes in a single feature affect the average model prediction. They are widely used in practice to interpret decision tree ensembles and other machine learning models. Joint-PDPs extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ron Wettenstein , Alexander Nadel , Udi Boker

As machine learning models become increasingly prevalent in time series applications, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are essential for understanding their predictions. Within XAI, feature attribution methods aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Gregor Baer , Isel Grau , Chao Zhang , Pieter Van Gorp

Learning a Markov Decision Process (MDP) from a fixed batch of trajectories is a non-trivial task whose outcome's quality depends on both the amount and the diversity of the sampled regions of the state-action space. Yet, many MDPs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Giorgio Angelotti , Nicolas Drougard , Caroline P. C. Chanel

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) across industries has led to the widespread use of complex black-box models and interpretation tools for decision making. This paper proposes an adversarial framework to uncover the vulnerability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Xi Xin , Giles Hooker , Fei Huang

This paper proposes a general incremental policy iteration adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm for model-free robust optimal control of unknown nonlinear systems. The approach integrates recursive least squares estimation with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Qingkai Meng , Fenglan Wang , Lin Zhao

Existing methods for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), including popular feature importance measures such as SAGE, are mostly restricted to the batch learning scenario. However, machine learning is often applied in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Maximilian Muschalik , Fabian Fumagalli , Barbara Hammer , Eyke Hüllermeier
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