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Related papers: Amortized Simulation-Based Frequentist Inference f…

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Statistical inference, a central tool of science, revolves around the study and the usage of statistical estimators: functions that map finite samples to predictions about unknown distribution parameters. In the frequentist framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Maxime Peyrard , Kyunghyun Cho

Comparing competing mathematical models of complex natural processes is a shared goal among many branches of science. The Bayesian probabilistic framework offers a principled way to perform model comparison and extract useful metrics for…

Bayesian inference requires specification of a single, precise prior distribution, whereas frequentist inference only accommodates a vacuous prior. Since virtually every real-world application falls somewhere in between these two extremes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-26 Ryan Martin

Use of machine learning to estimate nuisance functions (e.g. outcomes models, propensity score models) in estimators used in causal inference is increasingly common, as it can mitigate bias due to model misspecification. However, it can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-17 Rachael K. Ross , Lina M. Montoya , Dana E. Goin , Ivan Diaz , Audrey Renson

We present a multi-fidelity method for uncertainty quantification of parameter estimates in complex systems, leveraging generative models trained to sample the target conditional distribution. In the Bayesian inference setting, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Caroline Tatsuoka , Minglei Yang , Dongbin Xiu , Guannan Zhang

Turing's estimator allows one to estimate the probabilities of outcomes that either do not appear or only rarely appear in a given random sample. We perform a simulation study to understand the finite sample performance of several related…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Jie Chang , Michael Grabchak , Jialin Zhang

We present a new approach to automatic amortized inference in universal probabilistic programs which improves performance compared to current methods. Our approach is a variation of inference compilation (IC) which leverages deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 William Harvey , Andreas Munk , Atılım Güneş Baydin , Alexander Bergholm , Frank Wood

The graphical lasso is a widely used algorithm for fitting undirected Gaussian graphical models. However, for inference on functionals of edge values in the learned graph, standard tools lack formal statistical guarantees, such as control…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-01 Sofia Guglielmini , Gerda Claeskens , Snigdha Panigrahi

There have been controversies among statisticians on (i) what to model and (ii) how to make inferences from models with unobservables. One such controversy concerns the difference between estimation methods for the marginal means not…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-10-07 Youngjo Lee , John A. Nelder

The likelihood function plays a pivotal role in statistical inference; it is adaptable to a wide range of models and the resultant estimators are known to have good properties. However, these results hinge on correct specification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Adam Jaeger , Nicole Lazar

This paper develops likelihood-based methods for estimation, inference, model selection, and forecasting of continuous-time integer-valued trawl processes. The full likelihood of integer-valued trawl processes is, in general, highly…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Mikkel Bennedsen , Asger Lunde , Neil Shephard , Almut E. D. Veraart

Bayesian Likelihood-Free Inference (LFI) approaches allow to obtain posterior distributions for stochastic models with intractable likelihood, by relying on model simulations. In Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), a popular LFI method,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-08 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Ritabrata Dutta

Expectation propagation is a general prescription for approximation of integrals in statistical inference problems. Its literature is mainly concerned with Bayesian inference scenarios. However, expectation propagation can also be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-23 P. Hall , I. M. Johnstone , J. T. Ormerod , M. P. Wand , J. C. F. Yu

For binary experimental data, we discuss randomization-based inferential procedures that do not need to invoke any modeling assumptions. We also introduce methods for likelihood and Bayesian inference based solely on the physical…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-25 Peng Ding , Luke W. Miratrix

For complex latent variable models, the likelihood function is not available in closed form. In this context, a popular method to perform parameter estimation is Importance Weighted Variational Inference. It essentially maximizes the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Badr-Eddine Cherief-Abdellatif , Randal Douc , Arnaud Doucet , Hugo Marival

We propose an easily computed estimator of marginal likelihoods from posterior simulation output, via reciprocal importance sampling, combining earlier proposals of DiCiccio et al (1997) and Robert and Wraith (2009). This involves only the…

Ensuring factuality is essential for the safe use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes domains such as medicine and law. Conformal inference provides distribution-free guarantees, but existing approaches are either overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kangjun Noh , Seongchan Lee , Ilmun Kim , Kyungwoo Song

We propose a general method for constructing hypothesis tests and confidence sets that have finite sample guarantees without regularity conditions. We refer to such procedures as "universal." The method is very simple and is based on a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Larry Wasserman , Aaditya Ramdas , Sivaraman Balakrishnan

This article surveys computational methods for posterior inference with intractable likelihoods, that is where the likelihood function is unavailable in closed form, or where evaluation of the likelihood is infeasible. We review recent…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-10 Matthew T. Moores , Anthony N. Pettitt , Kerrie Mengersen

We consider the problem of making nonparametric inference in a class of multi-dimensional diffusions in divergence form, from low-frequency data. Statistical analysis in this setting is notoriously challenging due to the intractability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-23 Matteo Giordano , Sven Wang