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Our predictions for particle physics processes are realized in a chain of complex simulators. They allow us to generate high-fidelity simulated data, but they are not well-suited for inference on the theory parameters with observed data. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-03 Johann Brehmer , Kyle Cranmer

Complex simulator-based models are now routinely used to perform inference across the sciences and engineering, but existing inference methods are often unable to account for outliers and other extreme values in data which occur due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-18 Ayush Bharti , Charita Dellaporta , Yuga Hikida , François-Xavier Briol

Increasingly complex generative models are being used across disciplines as they allow for realistic characterization of data, but a common difficulty with them is the prohibitively large computational cost to evaluate the likelihood…

Computation · Statistics 2017-03-06 Michael U. Gutmann , Ritabrata Dutta , Samuel Kaski , Jukka Corander

Simulators often provide the best description of real-world phenomena. However, they also lead to challenging inverse problems because the density they implicitly define is often intractable. We present a new suite of simulation-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-25 Johann Brehmer , Gilles Louppe , Juan Pavez , Kyle Cranmer

The use of standard statistical methods, such as maximum likelihood, is often justified based on their asymptotic properties. For suitably regular models, this theory is standard but, when the model is non-regular, e.g., the support depends…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-25 Ryan Martin , Yi Lin

How can one perform Bayesian inference on stochastic simulators with intractable likelihoods? A recent approach is to learn the posterior from adaptively proposed simulations using neural network-based conditional density estimators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 David S. Greenberg , Marcel Nonnenmacher , Jakob H. Macke

Motivated by parametric models for which the likelihood is analytically unavailable, numerically unstable, or prohibitively expensive to compute or optimize, we develop a prior- and likelihood-free framework for fully probabilistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Leonardo Cella , Emily C. Hector

This chapter will appear in the forthcoming Handbook of Approximate Bayesian Computation (2018). Indirect inference (II) is a classical likelihood-free approach that pre-dates the main developments of ABC and relies on simulation from a…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-07 Christopher C Drovandi

I consider two problems in machine learning and statistics: the problem of estimating the joint probability density of a collection of random variables, known as density estimation, and the problem of inferring model parameters when their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-30 George Papamakarios

In this paper we discuss a well known computing problem -- inference for models with intractable normalizing functions. Models with intractable normalizing functions arise in a wide variety of areas, for instance network models, models for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Murali Haran , Bokgyeong Kang , Jaewoo Park

We propose the use of indirect inference estimation to conduct inference in complex locally stationary models. We develop a local indirect inference algorithm and establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. Due to the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-17 David Frazier , Bonsoo Koo

In many fields of science, generalized likelihood ratio tests are established tools for statistical inference. At the same time, it has become increasingly common that a simulator (or generative model) is used to describe complex processes…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-21 Kyle Cranmer , Juan Pavez , Gilles Louppe

The paper introduces a generalization for known probabilistic models such as log-linear and graphical models, called here multiplicative models. These models, that express probabilities via product of parameters are shown to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Ydo Wexler , Christopher Meek

In many statistical problems, the data distribution is specified through a generative process for which the likelihood function is analytically intractable, yet inference on the associated model parameters remains of primary interest. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Haoyu Jiang , Yuexi Wang , Yun Yang

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is an approach to statistical inference where simulations from an assumed model are used to construct estimators and confidence sets. SBI is often used when the likelihood is intractable and to construct…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Lorenzo Tomaselli , Valérie Ventura , Larry Wasserman

Latent variable models have been widely applied in different fields of research in which the constructs of interest are not directly observable, so that one or more latent variables are required to reduce the complexity of the data. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-07 Silvia Bianconcini

Probabilistic forecasting of irregularly sampled multivariate time series with missing values is an important problem in many fields, including health care, astronomy, and climate. State-of-the-art methods for the task estimate only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Randolf Scholz , Stefan Born , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Indirect Inference (I-I) is a popular technique for estimating complex parametric models whose likelihood function is intractable, however, the statistical efficiency of I-I estimation is questionable. While the efficient method of moments,…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-19 Veronika Czellar , David T. Frazier , Eric Renault

The inferential model (IM) framework produces data-dependent, non-additive degrees of belief about the unknown parameter that are provably valid. The validity property guarantees, among other things, that inference procedures derived from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Chuanhai Liu , Ryan Martin

Likelihood-free methods are an essential tool for performing inference for implicit models which can be simulated from, but for which the corresponding likelihood is intractable. However, common likelihood-free methods do not scale well to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-15 Christopher Drovandi , David J Nott , David T Frazier