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Deep Learning (DL) models to analyze source code have shown immense promise during the past few years. More recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained traction for learning generic code representations valuable for many downstream SE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yangruibo Ding , Saikat Chakraborty , Luca Buratti , Saurabh Pujar , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao

When debugging unintended program behavior, developers can often identify the point in the execution where the actual behavior diverges from the desired behavior. For example, a variable may get assigned a wrong value, which then negatively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Islem Bouzenia , Yangruibo Ding , Kexin Pei , Baishakhi Ray , Michael Pradel

Recently program learning techniques have been proposed to process source code based on syntactical structures (e.g., Abstract Syntax Trees) and/or semantic information (e.g., Dependency Graphs). Although graphs may be better at capturing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yijun Yu , Lingxiao Jiang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

Learning-based techniques, especially advanced pre-trained models for code have demonstrated capabilities in code understanding and generation, solving diverse software engineering (SE) tasks. Despite the promising results, current training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Kyi Shin Khant , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Developers often perform repetitive code editing activities for various reasons (e.g., code refactoring) during software development. Pre-trained code editing models have achieved the state-of-the-art (SOTA) results. Pre-trained models are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhuo Li , Zhi Jin , Xing Hu , Kechi Zhang , Zhiyi Fu

Getting language models to reason correctly about code requires training on data where each reasoning step can be checked. Current synthetic Chain-of-Thought (CoT) training data often consists of plausible-sounding explanations generated by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shailja Thakur , Vaibhav Saxena , Rohan Kulkarni , Shivdeep Singh , Parameswaran Selvam , Hima Patel , Hiroshi Kanayama

Execution of concurrent programs implies frequent switching between different thread contexts. This property perplexes analyzing and reasoning about concurrent programs. Trace simplification is a technique that aims at alleviating this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Mohamed A. El-Zawawy , Mohammad N. Alanazi

As programmers write code, they often edit and retry multiple times, creating rich "interaction traces" that reveal how they approach coding tasks and provide clues about their level of skill development. For novice programmers in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexis Ross , Megha Srivastava , Jeremiah Blanchard , Jacob Andreas

Recently, pre-trained language models mostly follow the pre-train-then-fine-tuning paradigm and have achieved great performance on various downstream tasks. However, since the pre-training stage is typically task-agnostic and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Yuxian Gu , Zhengyan Zhang , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have opened a new era in programming with their impressive capabilities. However, recent research has revealed critical limitations in their ability to reason about runtime behavior and understand the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jian Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Qiang Hu , Shangqing Liu , Yi Li

In industrial and open-source software engineering tasks, developers often perform project-wise code editing tasks, including feature enhancement, refactoring, and bug fixing, where the leading AI models are expected to support the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chenyan Liu , Yun Lin , Yuhuan Huang , Jiaxin Chang , Binhang Qi , Bo Jiang , Zhiyong Huang , Jin Song Dong

Recent work has provided indirect evidence that pretraining language models on code improves the ability of models to track state changes of discourse entities expressed in natural language. In this work, we systematically test this claim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Najoung Kim , Sebastian Schuster , Shubham Toshniwal

Software is constantly changing, requiring developers to perform several derived tasks in a timely manner, such as writing a description for the intention of the code change, or identifying the defect-prone code changes. Considering that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Zhongxin Liu , Yepang Liu , Xin Xia , Xiaoguang Mao

Recent years have seen the successful application of deep learning to software engineering (SE). In particular, the development and use of pre-trained models of source code has enabled state-of-the-art results to be achieved on a wide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Programming language understanding and representation (a.k.a code representation learning) has always been a hot and challenging task in software engineering. It aims to apply deep learning techniques to produce numerical representations of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang , Yun Miao , Yudu You , Mengzhe Yuan , Yuchen Chen , Quanjun Zhang , An Guo , Xiang Chen , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Modern software projects include automated tests written to check the programs' functionality. The set of functions invoked by a test is called the trace of the test, and the action of obtaining a trace is called tracing. There are many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Eyal Hadad , Roni Stern

Code search is a widely used technique by developers during software development. It provides semantically similar implementations from a large code corpus to developers based on their queries. Existing techniques leverage deep learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Weisong Sun , Chunrong Fang , Yuchen Chen , Guanhong Tao , Tingxu Han , Quanjun Zhang