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Vision-language models like CLIP have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot capabilities in classification and retrieval. However, these models often struggle with compositional reasoning - the ability to understand the relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Amit Peleg , Naman Deep Singh , Matthias Hein

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been broadly utilized to analyze various data and solve different domain problems. However, neural networks (NNs) have been considered a black box operation for years because their underlying…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Dong H. Jeong , Jin-Hee Cho , Feng Chen , Audun Josang , Soo-Yeon Ji

This article is about the cognitive science of visual art. Artists create physical artifacts (such as sculptures or paintings) which depict people, objects, and events. These depictions are usually stylized rather than photo-realistic. How…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Owain Evans

The complexity of visual stimuli plays an important role in many cognitive phenomena, including attention, engagement, memorability, time perception and aesthetic evaluation. Despite its importance, complexity is poorly understood and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Tingke Shen , Surabhi S Nath , Aenne Brielmann , Peter Dayan

The task of identifying multimodal image-text representations has garnered increasing attention, particularly with models such as CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), which demonstrate exceptional performance in learning complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zhiyu Zhu , Zhibo Jin , Jiayu Zhang , Nan Yang , Jiahao Huang , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) has attained great success in pattern recognition and computer vision. Transferring CLIP to downstream tasks (e.g. zero- or few-shot classification) is a hot topic in multimodal learning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zhipeng Ye , Feng Jiang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Jiaqi Huang

Advancements in audio neural networks have established state-of-the-art results on downstream audio tasks. However, the black-box structure of these models makes it difficult to interpret the information encoded in their internal audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alice Zhang , Edison Thomaz , Lie Lu

Clustering artworks is difficult for several reasons. On the one hand, recognizing meaningful patterns in accordance with domain knowledge and visual perception is extremely difficult. On the other hand, applying traditional clustering and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Giovanna Castellano , Gennaro Vessio

Given a large unlabeled set of images, how to efficiently and effectively group them into clusters based on extracted visual representations remains a challenging problem. To address this problem, we propose a convolutional neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-14 Chih-Chung Hsu , Chia-Wen Lin

Disentangled distributed representations of data are desirable for machine learning, since they are more expressive and can generalize from fewer examples. However, for complex data, the distributed representations of multiple objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-21 Klaus Greff , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Open-set 3D object retrieval (3DOR) is an emerging task aiming to retrieve 3D objects of unseen categories beyond the training set. Existing methods typically utilize all modalities (i.e., voxels, point clouds, multi-view images) and train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhichuan Wang , Yang Zhou , Zhe Liu , Rui Yu , Song Bai , Yulong Wang , Xinwei He , Xiang Bai

Image Aesthetics Assessment (IAA) is a challenging task due to its subjective nature and expensive manual annotations. Recent large-scale vision-language models, such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), have shown their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Liwu Xu , Jinjin Xu , Yuzhe Yang , Xilu Wang , Yijie Huang , Yaqian Li

The integration of human and artificial intelligence offers a powerful avenue for advancing our understanding of information processing, as each system provides unique computational insights. However, despite the promise of human-AI…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-22 Stephen Chong Zhao , Yang Hu , Jason Lee , Andrew Bender , Trisha Mazumdar , Mark Wallace , David A. Tovar

Given the recent advances in multimodal image pretraining where visual models trained with semantically dense textual supervision tend to have better generalization capabilities than those trained using categorical attributes or through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Alberto Baldrati , Marco Bertini , Tiberio Uricchio , Alberto Del Bimbo

We investigate the CLIP image encoder by analyzing how individual model components affect the final representation. We decompose the image representation as a sum across individual image patches, model layers, and attention heads, and use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yossi Gandelsman , Alexei A. Efros , Jacob Steinhardt

The clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging requires models that are both diagnostically accurate and interpretable to clinicians. While current multimodal biomedical foundation models prioritize performance,…

Significant progress has been achieved on the improvement and downstream usages of the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) vision-language model, while less attention is paid to the interpretation of CLIP. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chenyang Zhao , Kun Wang , Janet H. Hsiao , Antoni B. Chan

Explaining deep learning models in a way that humans can easily understand is essential for responsible artificial intelligence applications. Attribution methods constitute an important area of explainable deep learning. The attribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Michal Byra , Henrik Skibbe

Large pretrained vision-language models like CLIP have shown promising generalization capability, but may struggle in specialized domains (e.g., satellite imagery) or fine-grained classification (e.g., car models) where the visual concepts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Chen Huang , Skyler Seto , Samira Abnar , David Grangier , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

Current deepfake attribution or deepfake detection works tend to exhibit poor generalization to novel generative methods due to the limited exploration in visual modalities alone. They tend to assess the attribution or detection performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yaning Zhang , Linlin Shen , Zitong Yu , Chunjie Ma , Zan Gao