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The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

In a world of daily emerging scientific inquisition and discovery, the prolific launch of machine learning across industries comes to little surprise for those familiar with the potential of ML. Neither so should the congruent expansion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Brianna Richardson , Juan E. Gilbert

As Machine Learning technologies become increasingly used in contexts that affect citizens, companies as well as researchers need to be confident that their application of these methods will not have unexpected social implications, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Simon Caton , Christian Haas

Ensuring fairness of machine learning systems is a human-in-the-loop process. It relies on developers, users, and the general public to identify fairness problems and make improvements. To facilitate the process we need effective, unbiased,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Jonathan Dodge , Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Rachel K. E. Bellamy , Casey Dugan

This survey article assesses and compares existing critiques of current fairness-enhancing technical interventions into machine learning (ML) that draw from a range of non-computing disciplines, including philosophy, feminist studies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Lindsay Weinberg

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into high-stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems is often constrained by concerns over transparency, interpretability, and trust. While Human-Centered AI (HCAI)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chameera De Silva , Thilina Halloluwa , Dhaval Vyas

This thesis explores open-sourced machine learning (ML) model explanation tools to understand whether these tools can allow a layman to visualize, understand, and suggest intuitive remedies to unfairness in ML-based decision-support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Normen Yu , Gang Tan , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly becomes an integral part of our societal and individual activities, there is a growing imperative to develop responsible AI solutions. Despite a diverse assortment of machine learning fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jessica Liu , Huaming Chen , Jun Shen , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Many ML models are opaque to humans, producing decisions too complex for humans to easily understand. In response, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tools that analyze the inner workings of a model have been created. Despite these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Kiana Alikhademi , Brianna Richardson , Emma Drobina , Juan E. Gilbert

Fairness in both Machine Learning (ML) predictions and human decision-making is essential, yet both are susceptible to different forms of bias, such as algorithmic and data-driven in ML, and cognitive or subjective in humans. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Junhua Liu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Kwan Hui Lim

Machine learning software is being used in many applications (finance, hiring, admissions, criminal justice) having a huge social impact. But sometimes the behavior of this software is biased and it shows discrimination based on some…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Joymallya Chakraborty , Kewen Peng , Tim Menzies

Ensuring fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) is important to counteract bias and discrimination in far-reaching applications. Recent work has started to investigate how humans judge fairness and how to support machine learning (ML)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuri Nakao , Simone Stumpf , Subeida Ahmed , Aisha Naseer , Lorenzo Strappelli

Machine learning models built on datasets containing discriminative instances attributed to various underlying factors result in biased and unfair outcomes. It's a well founded and intuitive fact that existing bias mitigation strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Bhushan Chaudhari , Akash Agarwal , Tanmoy Bhowmik

Machine learning algorithms are being used in high-stakes decisions, including those in criminal justice, healthcare, credit, and employment. The research community has responded with two largely independent research fields:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gideon Popoola , John Sheppard

Fairness of machine learning models in healthcare has drawn increasing attention from clinicians, researchers, and even at the highest level of government. On the other hand, the importance of developing and deploying interpretable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mary M. Lucas , Xiaoyang Wang , Chia-Hsuan Chang , Christopher C. Yang , Jacqueline E. Braughton , Quyen M. Ngo

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have become integral to decision making in various domains, including healthcare, finance, education, and law enforcement. However, concerns about fairness and bias in these systems pose significant ethical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ahmed Rashed , Abdelkrim Kallich , Mohamed Eltayeb

Classification, a heavily-studied data-driven machine learning task, drives an increasing number of prediction systems involving critical human decisions such as loan approval and criminal risk assessment. However, classifiers often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Maliha Tashfia Islam , Anna Fariha , Alexandra Meliou , Babak Salimi

This paper presents a philosophical and experimental study of fairness interventions in AI classification, centered on the explainability of corrective methods. We argue that ensuring fairness requires not only satisfying a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Thomas Souverain , Johnathan Nguyen , Nicolas Meric , Paul Égré

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in areas that significantly impact human lives, concerns about fairness and transparency have grown, especially regarding their impact on protected groups. Recently, the intersection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Vasiliki Papanikou , Danae Pla Karidi , Evaggelia Pitoura , Emmanouil Panagiotou , Eirini Ntoutsi

One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This…

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