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Gaussian mixtures are widely used for approximating density functions in various applications such as density estimation, belief propagation, and Bayesian filtering. These applications often utilize Gaussian mixtures as initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-18 Qiong Zhang , Archer Gong Zhang , Jiahua Chen

Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are widely used in machine learning for tasks such as clustering, classification, image reconstruction, and generative modeling. A key challenge in working with GMMs is defining a computationally efficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Moritz Piening , Robert Beinert

Probability metrics have become an indispensable part of modern statistics and machine learning, and they play a quintessential role in various applications, including statistical hypothesis testing and generative modeling. However, in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-02 Soheil Kolouri , Kimia Nadjahi , Umut Simsekli , Shahin Shahrampour

In many contexts Gaussian Mixtures (GM) are used to approximate probability distributions, possibly time-varying. In some applications the number of GM components exponentially increases over time, and reduction procedures are required to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-27 A. D'Ortenzio , C. Manes

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance is frequently used in machine learning to compare distributions across distinct metric spaces. Despite its utility, it remains computationally intensive, especially for large-scale problems. Recently, a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-01 Antoine Salmona , Julie Delon , Agnès Desolneux

The Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter is an almost exact closed-form approximation to the Bayes-optimal multi-target tracking algorithm. Due to its optimality guarantees and ease of implementation, it has been…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Shiraz Khan , Yi-Chieh Sun , Inseok Hwang

Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are powerful parametric tools with many applications in machine learning and computer vision. Expectation maximization (EM) is the most popular algorithm for estimating the GMM parameters. However, EM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Soheil Kolouri , Gustavo K. Rohde , Heiko Hoffmann

Mixture models, such as Gaussian mixture models, are widely used in machine learning to represent complex data distributions. A key challenge, especially in high-dimensional settings, is to determine the mixture order and estimate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Srećko Đurašinović , Jean-Bernard Lasserre , Victor Magron

In this paper, a distance between the Gaussian Mixture Models(GMMs) is obtained based on an embedding of the K-component Gaussian Mixture Model into the manifold of the symmetric positive definite matrices. Proof of embedding of K-component…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Amit Vishwakarma , KS Subrahamanian Moosath

The learning of Gaussian Mixture Models (also referred to simply as GMMs) plays an important role in machine learning. Known for their expressiveness and interpretability, Gaussian mixture models have a wide range of applications, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ruichong Zhang

We propose a framework, named Aggregated Wasserstein, for computing a dissimilarity measure or distance between two Hidden Markov Models with state conditional distributions being Gaussian. For such HMMs, the marginal distribution at any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yukun Chen , Jianbo Ye , Jia Li

Accurate approximation of probability measures is essential in numerical applications. This paper explores the quantization of probability measures using the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) distance as a guiding metric. We first investigate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Zahra Mehraban , Alois Pichler

Gaussian mixtures are a powerful and widely used tool to model non-Gaussian estimation problems. They are able to describe measurement errors that follow arbitrary distributions and can represent ambiguity in assignment tasks like point set…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Tim Pfeifer , Sven Lange , Peter Protzel

We propose a framework, named Aggregated Wasserstein, for computing a dissimilarity measure or distance between two Hidden Markov Models with state conditional distributions being Gaussian. For such HMMs, the marginal distribution at any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-08 Yukun Chen , Jianbo Ye , Jia Li

Learning a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a fundamental problem in machine learning, learning theory, and statistics. One notion of learning a GMM is proper learning: here, the goal is to find a mixture of $k$ Gaussians $\mathcal{M}$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Jerry Li , Ludwig Schmidt

Creating low dimensional representations of a high dimensional data set is an important component in many machine learning applications. How to cluster data using their low dimensional embedded space is still a challenging problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Zahra Moslehi , Abdolreza Mirzaei , Mehran Safayani

Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) do not adapt well to curved and strongly nonlinear data. However, we can use Gaussians in the curvilinear coordinate systems to solve this problem. Moreover, such a solution allows for the adaptation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Krzysztof Byrski , Przemysław Spurek , Jacek Tabor

Given a probability measure with density, Fermat distances and density-driven metrics are conformal transformations of the Euclidean metric that shrink distances in high density areas and enlarge distances in low density areas. Although…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Jérôme Taupin , Frédéric Chazal

The maximum mean discrepancy and Wasserstein distance are popular distance measures between distributions and play important roles in many machine learning problems such as metric learning, generative modeling, domain adaption, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dong Qiao , Jicong Fan

Probability theory has become the predominant framework for quantifying uncertainty across scientific and engineering disciplines, with a particular focus on measurement and control systems. However, the widespread reliance on simple…

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