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Recently, rapid advancements in Multi-Modal In-Context Learning (MM-ICL) have achieved notable success, which is capable of achieving superior performance across various tasks without requiring additional parameter tuning. However, the…
Refractive errors are among the most common visual impairments globally, yet their diagnosis often relies on active user participation and clinical oversight. This study explores a passive method for estimating refractive power using two…
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) are the major causes of vision loss in developed countries. Alteration of retinal layer structure and appearance of exudate are the most significant signs of these…
This paper investigates visual analogical reasoning in large multimodal models (LMMs) compared to human adults and children. A "visual analogy" is an abstract rule inferred from one image and applied to another. While benchmarks exist for…
Presbyopia, an age-related ocular disorder, is characterized by the loss in the accommodative abilities of the human ocular system and afflicts more than 1.8 billion people world-wide. Conventional methods of correcting presbyopia fragment…
Introduction. Macular degeneration (MD) causes central visual field loss. When field defects occur in both eyes and overlap, parts of the visual pathways are no longer stimulated. Previous reports have shown that this affects the grey…
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory neurological disorder characterised by episodes of symptom exacerbation, known as relapses. In this study, we investigate the role of environmental factors in relapse…
Large vision-language models (VLMs) can jointly interpret images and text, but they are also prone to absorbing and reproducing harmful social stereotypes when visual cues such as age, gender, race, clothing, or occupation are present. To…
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in older adults, severely affecting vision and quality of life. Despite advances in understanding AMD, the molecular factors driving the severity of subretinal scarring…
Recent research on Vision Language Models (VLMs) suggests that they rely on inherent biases learned during training to respond to questions about visual properties of an image. These biases are exacerbated when VLMs are asked highly…
Visual information determines majority of our spatial behavior. The eye projects a 2-D image of the world on the retina. We demonstrate that when a monocular-like imaging system operates entirely with optically dense fluids, an increase in…
Mental health and general wellness are becoming a growing concern in our society. Environmental factors contribute to mental illness and have the power to affect a person's wellness. This work presents a smartphone-based wellness assessment…
Global change is reshaping ecosystems and societies. Strategic choices that were best yesterday may be sub-optimal tomorrow; and environmental conditions that were once taken for granted may soon cease to exist. In this setting, how people…
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. Although the Age-Related Eye Disease Study group previously developed a 9-step AMD severity scale for manual classification of AMD severity from color fundus images,…
This paper explores the effectiveness of Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) as assistive technologies for visually impaired individuals. We conduct a user survey to identify adoption patterns and key challenges users face with such…
The correlation between children's personal and family characteristics (e.g., demographics and socioeconomic status) and their physical and mental health status has been extensively studied across various research domains, such as public…
We develop new methodology to improve our understanding of the causal effects of multivariate air pollution exposures on public health. Typically, exposure to air pollution for an individual is measured at their home geographic region,…
Retinoblastoma is the most prominent childhood primary intraocular malignancy that impacts the vision of children and adults worldwide. In contrasting and comparing with adults it is uveal melanoma. It is an aggressive tumor that can fill…
While many strong gravitational lens galaxies are suspected to lie in groups or clusters of galaxies, environmental effects in lens models are often unconstrained and sometimes ignored. We show that this creates significant biases in a…
The way we eat and what we eat, the way we move and the way we sleep significantly impact the risk of becoming obese. These aspects of behavior decompose into several personal behavioral elements including our food choices, eating place…