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We present in this fluid dynamics video a novel experimental setup with self-propelled swimmers on a free surface. The swimmers, modeled as flexible thin filaments, are subjected to external electromagnetic forcing driving a propagating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-11-04 Sophie Ramananarivo , Benjamin Thiria , Ramiro Godoy-Diana

Odd elasticity describes the unusual elastic response of solids whose stress-strain relationship is not compatible with an elastic potential. Here, we present a study of odd elasticity in a driven granular matter system composed of grains…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-01 Rosalind Huang , Rituparno Mandal , Colin Scheibner , Vincenzo Vitelli

We review recent work on active colloids or swimmers, such as self-propelled microorganisms, phoretic colloidal particles, and artificial micro-robotic systems, moving in fluid-like environments. These environments can be water-like and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-02-09 Alison E. Patteson , Arvind Gopinath , Paulo E. Arratia

We derive from first principles a three-dimensional theory of self-propelled particle swarming in a viscous fluid environment. Our model predicts emergent collective behavior that depends critically on fluid opacity, mechanism of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-12 Yao-Li Chuang , M. R. D'Orsogna , T. Chou

The motility of microorganisms is influenced greatly by their hydrodynamic interactions with the fluidic environment they inhabit. We show by direct experimental observation of the bi-flagellated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that fluid…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-11-03 Boyang Qin , Arvind Gopinath , Jing Yang , Jerry P Gollub , Paulo E Arratia

Micro-organisms propel themselves in viscous environments by the periodic, nonreciprocal beating of slender appendages known as flagella. Active materials have been widely exploited to mimic this form of locomotion. However, the realization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-08-06 Ariel Surya Boiardi , Giovanni Noselli

Using Onsager's variational principle, we derive dynamical equations for a nonequilibrium active system with odd elasticity. The elimination of the extra variable that is coupled to the nonequilibrium driving force leads to the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-02-15 Li-Shing Lin , Kento Yasuda , Kenta Ishimoto , Yuto Hosaka , Shigeyuki Komura

Odd elasticity encompasses active elastic systems whose stress-strain relationship is not compatible with a potential energy. As the requirement of energy conservation is lifted from linear elasticity, new anti-symmetric (odd) components…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-15 Michele Fossati , Colin Scheibner , Michel Fruchart , Vincenzo Vitelli

Flagellar-driven locomotion plays a critical role in bacterial attachment and colonization of surfaces, contributing to the risks of contamination and infection. Tremendous attempts to uncover the underlying principles governing bacterial…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-02-19 Xin-Xin Xu , Yangguang Tian , Yuhe Pu , Bingchen Che , Hao Luo , Yanan Liu , Yan-Jun Liu , Guangyin Jing

Non-equilibrium and active effects in mesoscopic scale systems have heralded a new era of scientific inquiries, whether concerning meta-materials or biological systems such as bacteria and cellular components. At mesoscopic scales,…

We investigate theoretically the collective dynamics of soft active particles living in a viscous fluid. We focus on a minimal model for active but non-motile particles consisting of $N>1$ elastic dimers deformed by active stresses and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-04-09 Denis Bartolo , Eric Lauga

Three-dimensional non-rotating odd viscous liquids give rise to Taylor columns and support {axisymmetric} inertial-like waves [\emph{J. Fluid Mech.}, vol. {973}, A30, (2023)]. When an odd viscous liquid is subjected to rigid-body rotation…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-02 E. Kirkinis , M. Olvera de la Cruz

Many microorganisms propel through complex media by deformations of their flagella. The beat is thought to emerge from interactions between forces of the surrounding fluid, passive elastic response from deformations of the flagellum, and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-01-23 Kathryn G. Link , Robert D. Guy , Becca Thomases , Paulo E. Arratia

In equilibrium, the physical properties of matter are set by the interactions between the constituents. In contrast, the energy input of the individual components controls the behavior of synthetic or living active matter. Great progress…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-29 Q. Martinet , Y. Li , A. Aubret , E. Hannezo , J. Palacci

We consider a non-linear system modelling the dynamics of a linearly elastic body immersed in an incompressible viscous fluid, without damping on the elastic part. We prove local existence of strong solutions and global existence and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Karoline Disser , Michelle Luckas

Odd fluids are a class of fluids characterized by non-zero antisymmetric transport coefficient tensors induced by broken time-reversal symmetry. In our previous work, a mesoscale simulation model for two-dimensional isotropic odd fluids was…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-07 Yuxing Jiao , Mingcheng Yang

Flows with deformable interfaces are commonly controlled by applying an external field or modifying the boundaries that interact with the fluid, but realizing such solutions can be demanding or impractical in various scenarios. Here, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-28 Hugo França , Maziyar Jalaal

We consider an active, stochastic microscopic model of particles suspended in a fluid and show that the coarse-grained description of this model renders odd viscoelasticity. The particles are odd dumbbells, each featuring a robotic device…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-23 Paweł Matus , Ruben Lier , Piotr Surówka

The aim of this paper is to present a modeling for the rheological behavior of simple liquids as a function of the amplitude of the imposed shear stress or strain. The elastic mode theory (Ref. 6) is first generalized to take into account…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-02-14 Frédéric Aitken , Ferdinand Volino

Capillary waves are a classical free-surface phenomenon in fluid mechanics, yet their behavior in chiral fluids remains largely unexplored. We show that odd viscosity breaks the reciprocity of capillary waves. Using linear theory together…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-17 Holly du Plessis , Pedro Cosme , Hugo França , Maziyar Jalaal