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The application of convolutional autoencoder deep learning to imaging data for planetary science and astrobiological use is briefly reviewed and explored with a focus on the need to understand algorithmic rationale, process, and results…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 Caleb Scharf

This study explores the application of autoencoder-based machine learning techniques for anomaly detection to identify exoplanet atmospheres with unconventional chemical signatures using a low-dimensional data representation. We use the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 Alexander Roman , Emilie Panek , Roy T. Forestano , Eyup B. Unlu , Katia Matcheva , Konstantin T. Matchev

A new method for highly selective remote sensing of atmospheric trace polar molecular gases is described. Based on infrared/terahertz double resonance spectroscopic techniques, the molecule- specific coincidence between the lines of a CO2…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Dane J. Phillips , Elizabeth A. Tanner , Frank C. De Lucia , Henry O. Everitt

Aims: We introduce a new deep-learning approach for the reconstruction of 3D dust density and temperature distributions from multi-wavelength dust emission observations on the scale of individual star-forming cloud cores (<0.2pc). Methods:…

We introduce a novel technique to mitigate the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence on astronomical imaging. Utilizing a video-to-image neural network trained on simulated data, our method processes a sliding sequence of short-exposure…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-09 Spencer Bialek , Emmanuel Bertin , Sébastien Fabbro , Hervé Bouy , Jean-Pierre Rivet , Olivier Lai , Jean-Charles Cuillandre

(Abridged) We use 8 micron Spitzer GLIMPSE images to make extinction maps of 10 IRDCs, selected to be relatively nearby and massive. The extinction mapping technique requires modeling the IR background intensity behind the cloud, which is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Michael J. Butler , Jonathan C. Tan

The non-uniform photoelectric response of infrared imaging systems results in fixed-pattern stripe noise being superimposed on infrared images, which severely reduces image quality. As the applications of degraded infrared images are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-30 Zeshan Fayyaz , Daniel Platnick , Hannan Fayyaz , Nariman Farsad

Recent progress in large-scale text-to-video (T2V) and image-to-video (I2V) diffusion models has greatly enhanced video generation, especially in terms of keyframe interpolation. However, current image-to-video diffusion models, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Serin Yang , Taesung Kwon , Jong Chul Ye

We pose the question of how much information on the atmospheric parameters of late-type stars can be retrieved purely from colors using standard photometric systems. We carried out numerical experiments using stellar fluxes from model…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-16 C. Allende Prieto

Spectral lines from interstellar molecules provide crucial insights into the physical and chemical conditions of the interstellar medium. Traditional spectral line analysis relies heavily on manual intervention, which becomes impractical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-14 Yisheng Qiu , Tianwei Zhang , Tie Liu , Fengyao Zhu , Dezhao Meng , Huaxi Chen , Thomas Möller , Peter Schilke , Donghui Quan

End-to-end deep learning models fed with multi-band galaxy images are powerful data-driven tools used to estimate galaxy physical properties in the absence of spectroscopy. However, due to a lack of interpretability and the associational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Wei Zhang , Qiufan Lin , Yuan-Sen Ting , Shupei Chen , Hengxin Ruan , Song Li , Yifan Wang

Infrared spectroscopy is key to elucidate molecular structures, monitor reactions and observe conformational changes, while providing information on both structural and dynamical properties. This makes the accurate prediction of infrared…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Richard Beckmann , Fabien Brieuc , Christoph Schran , Dominik Marx

Next-generation particle accelerators demand advanced beam-diagnostic capabilities to ensure high performance, operational reliability, and sustainable machine operation. Increasing beam intensities and stored energies make the precise…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Francis René Osswald , Mohammed Chahbaoui , Xinyi Liang

We present VIINTER, a method for view interpolation by interpolating the implicit neural representation (INR) of the captured images. We leverage the learned code vector associated with each image and interpolate between these codes to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Brandon Yushan Feng , Susmija Jabbireddy , Amitabh Varshney

In Astronomy, a huge amount of image data is generated daily by photometric surveys, which scan the sky to collect data from stars, galaxies and other celestial objects. In this paper, we propose a technique to leverage unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Ana Martinazzo , Mateus Espadoto , Nina S. T. Hirata

Extracting information related to weather and visual conditions at a given time and space is indispensable for scene awareness, which strongly impacts our behaviours, from simply walking in a city to riding a bike, driving a car, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Mohamed R. Ibrahim , James Haworth , Tao Cheng

We present a comprehensive grid of synthetic stellar-atmosphere spectra, suitable for the analysis of high resolution spectra of hydrogen-deficient post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) objects hotter than 50000 K, migrating along the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-02 Graziela R. Keller , James E. Herald , Luciana Bianchi , Walter J. Maciel , Ralph C. Bohlin

Self-supervised learning has become a central strategy for representation learning, but the majority of architectures used for encoding data have only been validated on regularly-sampled inputs such as images, audios. and videos. In many…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Yunyi Shen , Alexander Gagliano

Large-scale spectroscopic surveys have collectively observed millions of stars across the Milky Way, but each derives stellar labels using independent pipelines with distinct modelling assumptions, introducing systematic offsets that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-29 Jeff Shen , Joshua S. Speagle , Shirley Ho

Context. The combination of wideband receivers and spectrometers currently available in (sub-)millimeter observatories deliver wide- field hyperspectral imaging of the interstellar medium. Tens of spectral lines can be observed over degree…

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