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This paper studies generalization error bounds for Transformer models. Based on the offset Rademacher complexity, we derive sharper generalization bounds for different Transformer architectures, including single-layer single-head,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yawen Li , Tao Hu , Zhouhui Lian , Wan Tian , Yijie Peng , Huiming Zhang , Zhongyi Li

This note establishes a theoretical framework for finding (potentially overparameterized) approximations of a function on a compact set with a-priori bounds for the generalization error. The approximation method considered is to choose,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Arthur C. B. de Oliveira , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester , Eduardo D. Sontag

Transformers are state-of-the-art in a wide range of NLP tasks and have also been applied to many real-world products. Understanding the reliability and certainty of transformer model predictions is crucial for building trustable machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Jiahuan Pei , Cheng Wang , György Szarvas

In this paper we give some results about the approximation of a Lipschitz function on a Banach space by means of $\Delta$-convex functions. In particular, we prove that the density of $\Delta$-convex functions in the set of Lipschitz…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Manuel Cepedello Boiso

Structured stochastic multi-armed bandits provide accelerated regret rates over the standard unstructured bandit problems. Most structured bandits, however, assume the knowledge of the structural parameter such as Lipschitz continuity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Hyejin Park , Seiyun Shin , Kwang-Sung Jun , Jungseul Ok

We propose a probabilistic interpretation of transformers as unrolled inference steps assuming a probabilistic Laplacian Eigenmaps model from the ProbDR framework. Our derivation shows that at initialisation, transformers perform "linear"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aditya Ravuri , Neil D. Lawrence

We study the behavior of deterministic methods for solving inverse problems in imaging. These methods are commonly designed to achieve two goals: (1) attaining high perceptual quality, and (2) generating reconstructions that are consistent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Guy Ohayon , Tomer Michaeli , Michael Elad

Recently, numerous algorithms have been developed to tackle the problem of light field super-resolution (LFSR), i.e., super-resolving low-resolution light fields to gain high-resolution views. Despite delivering encouraging results, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Shunzhou Wang , Tianfei Zhou , Yao Lu , Huijun Di

This paper presents a tractable algorithm for estimating an unknown Lipschitz function from noisy observations and establishes an upper bound on its convergence rate. The approach extends max-affine methods from convex shape-restricted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 Gábor Balázs

Robustness certification against bounded input noise or adversarial perturbations is increasingly important for deployment recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in safety-critical control applications. To address this challenge, we present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Paul Hamelbeck , Johannes Schiffer

Medical image restoration tasks aim to recover high-quality images from degraded observations, exhibiting emergent desires in many clinical scenarios, such as low-dose CT image denoising, MRI super-resolution, and MRI artifact removal.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Pengcheng Zheng , Kecheng Chen , Jiaxin Huang , Bohao Chen , Ju Liu , Yazhou Ren , Xiaorong Pu

Deep reinforcement learning excels in numerous large-scale practical applications. However, existing performance analyses ignores the unique characteristics of continuous-time control problems, is unable to directly estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Shuyu Yin , Qixuan Zhou , Fei Wen , Tao Luo

We present a method for feedback motion planning of systems with unknown dynamics which provides probabilistic guarantees on safety, reachability, and goal stability. To find a domain in which a learned control-affine approximation of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Craig Knuth , Glen Chou , Necmiye Ozay , Dmitry Berenson

This paper investigates strong metric subregularity around a reference point as introduced by H. Gfrerer and J. V. Outrata. In the setting of Banach spaces, we analyse its stability under Lipschitz continuous perturbations and establish its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Tomáš Roubal

Rehearsal approaches enjoy immense popularity with Continual Learning (CL) practitioners. These methods collect samples from previously encountered data distributions in a small memory buffer; subsequently, they repeatedly optimize on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Lorenzo Bonicelli , Matteo Boschini , Angelo Porrello , Concetto Spampinato , Simone Calderara

We study proximal random reshuffling for minimizing the sum of locally Lipschitz functions and a proper lower semicontinuous convex function without assuming coercivity or the existence of limit points. The algorithmic guarantees pertaining…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Cedric Josz , Lexiao Lai , Xiaopeng Li

Patch-wise Transformer based time series forecasting achieves superior accuracy. However, this superiority relies heavily on intricate model design with massive parameters, rendering both training and inference expensive, thus preventing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Meng Wang , Jintao Yang , Bin Yang , Hui Li , Tongxin Gong , Bo Yang , Jiangtao Cui

This paper introduces a new parameterization of deep neural networks (both fully-connected and convolutional) with guaranteed $\ell^2$ Lipschitz bounds, i.e. limited sensitivity to input perturbations. The Lipschitz guarantees are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester

The problem of minimization of the sum of two convex functions has various theoretical and real-world applications. One of the popular methods for solving this problem is the proximal gradient method (proximal forward-backward algorithm). A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Daniel Reem , Simeon Reich , Alvaro De Pierro

Humans can effortlessly draw new categories from a single exemplar, a feat that has long posed a challenge for generative models. However, this gap has started to close with recent advances in diffusion models. This one-shot drawing task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Victor Boutin , Rishav Mukherji , Aditya Agrawal , Sabine Muzellec , Thomas Fel , Thomas Serre , Rufin VanRullen