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We study goodness-of-fit and independence testing of discrete distributions in a setting where samples are distributed across multiple users. The users wish to preserve the privacy of their data while enabling a central server to perform…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Jayadev Acharya , Clément L. Canonne , Cody Freitag , Ziteng Sun , Himanshu Tyagi

This article deals with the problem of testing conditional independence between two random vectors ${\bf X}$ and ${\bf Y}$ given a confounding random vector ${\bf Z}$. Several authors have considered this problem for multivariate data.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Bilol Banerjee

We develop differentially private hypothesis testing methods for the small sample regime. Given a sample $\cal D$ from a categorical distribution $p$ over some domain $\Sigma$, an explicitly described distribution $q$ over $\Sigma$, some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Bryan Cai , Constantinos Daskalakis , Gautam Kamath

A central goal of probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) is to separate modelling from inference. However, this goal is hard to achieve in practice. Users are often forced to re-write their models in order to improve efficiency of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Maria I. Gorinova , Andrew D. Gordon , Charles Sutton , Matthijs Vákár

We propose new statistical tests, in high-dimensional settings, for testing the independence of two random vectors and their conditional independence given a third random vector. The key idea is simple, i.e., we first transform each…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Jinyuan Chang , Yue Du , Jing He , Qiwei Yao

In this work, we design differentially private hypothesis tests for the following problems in the general linear model: testing a linear relationship and testing for the presence of mixtures. The majority of our hypothesis tests are based…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-30 Daniel Alabi , Salil Vadhan

Given independent samples generated from the joint distribution $p(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},\mathbf{z})$, we study the problem of Conditional Independence (CI-Testing), i.e., whether the joint equals the CI distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Rajat Sen , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Himanshu Asnani , Arman Rahimzamani , Sreeram Kannan

We propose a general new method, the conditional permutation test, for testing the conditional independence of variables $X$ and $Y$ given a potentially high-dimensional random vector $Z$ that may contain confounding factors. The proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-08 Thomas B. Berrett , Yi Wang , Rina Foygel Barber , Richard J. Samworth

Causal graph discovery refers to the process of discovering causal relation graphs from purely observational data. Like other statistical data, a causal graph might leak sensitive information about participants in the dataset. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Lun Wang , Qi Pang , Dawn Song

Kernel-based conditional independence (KCI) testing is a powerful nonparametric method commonly employed in causal discovery tasks. Despite its flexibility and statistical reliability, cubic computational complexity limits its application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Oliver Schacht , Biwei Huang

Conditional independence tests (CI tests) have received special attention lately in Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence related literature as an important indicator of the relationship among the variables used by their models.…

Conditional Independence (CI) graph is a special type of a Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM) where the feature connections are modeled using an undirected graph and the edge weights show the partial correlation strength between the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Urszula Chajewska , Harsh Shrivastava

Conditional independence is a fundamental concept in many areas of statistical research, including, for example, sufficient dimension reduction, causal inference, and statistical graphical models. In many modern applications, data arise in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yin Tang , Bing Li

We demonstrate how to test for conditional independence of two variables with categorical data using Poisson log-linear models. The size of the conditioning set of variables can vary from 0 (simple independence) up to many variables. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-08 Michail Tsagris

We study properties of two resampling scenarios: Conditional Randomisation and Conditional Permutation schemes, which are relevant for testing conditional independence of discrete random variables $X$ and $Y$ given a random variable $Z$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Małgorzata Łazęcka , Bartosz Kołodziejek , Jan Mielniczuk

Conditional randomization tests (CRTs) assess whether a variable $x$ is predictive of another variable $y$, having observed covariates $z$. CRTs require fitting a large number of predictive models, which is often computationally…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-12 Mukund Sudarshan , Aahlad Manas Puli , Wesley Tansey , Rajesh Ranganath

We study the problems of sequential nonparametric two-sample and independence testing. Sequential tests process data online and allow using observed data to decide whether to stop and reject the null hypothesis or to collect more data,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-21 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

Testing a hypothesized causal model against observational data is a key prerequisite for many causal inference tasks. A natural approach is to test whether the conditional independence relations (CIs) assumed in the model hold in the data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Hyunchai Jeong , Adiba Ejaz , Jin Tian , Elias Bareinboim

Constraint-based (CB) learning is a formalism for learning a causal network with a database D by performing a series of conditional-independence tests to infer structural information. This paper considers a new test of independence that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Denver Dash , Marek J. Druzdzel

Differential privacy is a restriction on data processing algorithms that provides strong confidentiality guarantees for individual records in the data. However, research on proper statistical inference, that is, research on properly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Joerg Drechsler , Ira Globus-Harris , Audra McMillan , Jayshree Sarathy , Adam Smith