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Model distillation is a fundamental technique in building large language models (LLMs), transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model. However, distillation can lead to model homogenization, reducing diversity among models…

Intermediate layer knowledge distillation (KD) can improve the standard KD technique (which only targets the output of teacher and student models) especially over large pre-trained language models. However, intermediate layer distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Md Akmal Haidar , Nithin Anchuri , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Abbas Ghaddar , Philippe Langlais , Pascal Poupart

Recent work has focused on compressing pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT where the major focus has been to improve the in-distribution performance for downstream tasks. However, very few of these studies have analyzed the impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mengnan Du , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Yu Cheng , Milad Shokouhi , Xia Hu , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Existing knowledge distillation methods typically work by imparting the knowledge of output logits or intermediate feature maps from the teacher network to the student network, which is very successful in multi-class single-label learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Penghui Yang , Ming-Kun Xie , Chen-Chen Zong , Lei Feng , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

Pre-trained multilingual language models (LMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in cross-lingual transfer, but they often lead to an inequitable representation of languages due to limited capacity, skewed pre-training data, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Simran Khanuja , Melvin Johnson , Partha Talukdar

Most deep metric learning (DML) methods employ a strategy that forces all positive samples to be close in the embedding space while keeping them away from negative ones. However, such a strategy ignores the internal relationships of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zelong Zeng , Fan Yang , Zheng Wang , Shin'ichi Satoh

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) by transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xue Zhang , Songming Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Over the past year, the emergence of transfer learning with large-scale language models (LM) has led to dramatic performance improvements across a broad range of natural language understanding tasks. However, the size and memory footprint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Luke Melas-Kyriazi , George Han , Celine Liang

This paper addresses the challenges of high computational cost and slow inference in deploying large language models. It proposes a distillation strategy guided by multiple teacher models. The method constructs several teacher models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiandong Meng , Yan Wu , Yexin Tian , Xin Hu , Tianze Kang , Junliang Du

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect or ungrounded content, which limits their reliability in high-stakes applications. A key factor contributing to hallucination is the use of hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hieu Nguyen , Zihao He , Shoumik Atul Gandre , Ujjwal Pasupulety , Sharanya Kumari Shivakumar , Kristina Lerman

Label smoothing is widely used in deep neural networks for multi-class classification. While it enhances model generalization and reduces overconfidence by aiming to lower the probability for the predicted class, it distorts the predicted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mohamed Maher , Meelis Kull

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an efficient framework for compressing large-scale pre-trained language models. Recent years have seen a surge of research aiming to improve KD by leveraging Contrastive Learning, Intermediate Layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Md Akmal Haidar , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Abbas Ghaddar , Khalil Bibi , Philippe Langlais , Pascal Poupart

Knowledge distillation has made remarkable achievements in model compression. However, most existing methods require the original training data, which is usually unavailable due to privacy and security issues. In this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Xinyi Yu , Ling Yan , Yang Yang , Libo Zhou , Linlin Ou

The enhancement of mathematical capabilities in large language models (LLMs) fosters new developments in mathematics education within primary and secondary schools, particularly as they relate to intelligent tutoring systems. However, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhenquan Shen , Xinguo Yu , Xiaotian Cheng , Rao Peng , Hao Ming

Recent advances in Entity Resolution (ER) have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs), achieving strong performance but at the cost of substantial computational resources or high financial overhead. Existing LLM-based ER approaches operate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

The increased amount of multi-modal medical data has opened the opportunities to simultaneously process various modalities such as imaging and non-imaging data to gain a comprehensive insight into the disease prediction domain. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Mahsa Ghorbani , Mojtaba Bahrami , Anees Kazi , Mahdieh SoleymaniBaghshah , Hamid R. Rabiee , Nassir Navab

Recent research on knowledge distillation has increasingly focused on logit distillation because of its simplicity, effectiveness, and versatility in model compression. In this paper, we introduce Refined Logit Distillation (RLD) to address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Wujie Sun , Defang Chen , Siwei Lyu , Genlang Chen , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is fundamental to improving the efficiency and reliability of intelligent decision-making systems and has become a key technological foundation for future artificial intelligence applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Zhesi Li , Man Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise as agents in interactive tasks, their substantial computational requirements and restricted number of calls constrain their practical utility, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Maryam Hashemzadeh , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Sarath Chandar , Marc-Alexandre Cote

From extracting features to generating text, the outputs of large language models (LLMs) typically rely on the final layers, following the conventional wisdom that earlier layers capture only low-level cues. However, our analysis shows that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Oscar Skean , Md Rifat Arefin , Dan Zhao , Niket Patel , Jalal Naghiyev , Yann LeCun , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv