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In many applications, we have access to the complete dataset but are only interested in the prediction of a particular region of predictor variables. A standard approach is to find the globally best modeling method from a set of candidate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-21 Jiawei Zhang , Jie Ding , Yuhong Yang

As the main workhorse for model selection, Cross Validation (CV) has achieved an empirical success due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, despite its ubiquitous role, CV often falls into the following notorious dilemmas. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Weikai Li , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

Super learner algorithm can be applied to combine results of multiple base learners to improve quality of predictions. The default method for verification of super learner results is by nested cross validation. It has been proposed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Krzysztof Mnich , Agnieszka Kitlas Golińska , Aneta Polewko-Klim , Witold R. Rudnicki

Decoding, ie prediction from brain images or signals, calls for empirical evaluation of its predictive power. Such evaluation is achieved via cross-validation, a method also used to tune decoders' hyper-parameters. This paper is a review on…

Statistical machine learning models should be evaluated and validated before putting to work. Conventional k-fold Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV) procedure uses a pseudo-random sequence to partition instances into k subsets, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-05 Liang Guo , Jianya Liu , Ruodan Lu

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

Cross-validation assesses the predictive ability of a model, allowing one to rank models accordingly. Although the nonparametric bootstrap is almost always used to assess the variability of a parameter, it can be used as the basis for…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-30 James Stephens Cavenaugh

Careful tuning of a regularization parameter is indispensable in many machine learning tasks because it has a significant impact on generalization performances. Nevertheless, current practice of regularization parameter tuning is more of an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-23 Atsushi Shibagaki , Yoshiki Suzuki , Masayuki Karasuyama , Ichiro Takeuchi

Model comparison is the cornerstone of theoretical progress in psychological research. Common practice overwhelmingly relies on tools that evaluate competing models by balancing in-sample descriptive adequacy against model flexibility, with…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-11 Viet-Hung Dao , David Gunawan , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Robert Kohn , Guy E. Hawkins , Scott D. Brown

Certifying neural network robustness against adversarial examples is challenging, as formal guarantees often require solving non-convex problems. Hence, incomplete verifiers are widely used because they scale efficiently and substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mohammadreza Maleki , Rushendra Sidibomma , Arman Adibi , Reza Samavi

In machine learning, statistics, econometrics and statistical physics, cross-validation (CV) is used asa standard approach in quantifying the generalisation performance of a statistical model. A directapplication of CV in time-series leads…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-14 Mehmet Süzen , Alper Yegenoglu

Many modern data analyses benefit from explicitly modeling dependence structure in data -- such as measurements across time or space, ordered words in a sentence, or genes in a genome. A gold standard evaluation technique is structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Soumya Ghosh , William T. Stephenson , Tin D. Nguyen , Sameer K. Deshpande , Tamara Broderick

Ensemble methods such as bagging and random forests are ubiquitous in various fields, from finance to genomics. Despite their prevalence, the question of the efficient tuning of ensemble parameters has received relatively little attention.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 Jin-Hong Du , Pratik Patil , Kathryn Roeder , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Background: Embedded feature selection in high-dimensional data with very small sample sizes requires optimized hyperparameters for the model building process. For this hyperparameter optimization, nested cross-validation must be applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Sigrun May , Sven Hartmann , Frank Klawonn

Cross-validation plays a fundamental role in Machine Learning, enabling robust evaluation of model performance and preventing overestimation on training and validation data. However, one of its drawbacks is the potential to create data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Afonso Martini Spezia , Thomas Fontanari , Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza

With the increasing size of today's data sets, finding the right parameter configuration in model selection via cross-validation can be an extremely time-consuming task. In this paper we propose an improved cross-validation procedure which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Tammo Krueger , Danny Panknin , Mikio Braun

Theoretical developments on cross validation (CV) have mainly focused on selecting one among a list of finite-dimensional models (e.g., subset or order selection in linear regression) or selecting a smoothing parameter (e.g., bandwidth for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Yuhong Yang

Variance estimation is a fundamental problem in statistical modeling. In ultrahigh dimensional linear regressions where the dimensionality is much larger than sample size, traditional variance estimation techniques are not applicable.…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-27 Jianqing Fan , Shaojun Guo , Ning Hao

K-fold cross-validation (CV) with squared error loss is widely used for evaluating predictive models, especially when strong distributional assumptions cannot be taken. However, CV with squared error loss is not free from distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-10 Assaf Rabinowicz , Saharon Rosset

Cross-validation is a widely used technique for evaluating the performance of prediction models, ranging from simple binary classification to complex precision medicine strategies. It helps correct for optimism bias in error estimates,…