Related papers: Historical Notes: The Gravitational Constant
Large contributions to the near closure of the Universe and to the acceleration of its expansion are due to the gravitation of components of the stress-energy tensor other than its mass density. To familiarise astronomers with the…
We show that the graviton acquires a mass in a de Sitter background given by $m_{g}^{2}=-{2/3}\Lambda.$ This is precisely the fine-tuning value required for the perturbed gravitational field to mantain its two degrees of freedom.
Recent cosmological observations suggest the existence of a positive cosmological constant $\Lambda$ with the magnitude $\Lambda(G\hbar/c^3) \approx 10^{-123}$. This review discusses several aspects of the cosmological constant both from…
We present some thoughts on how to interpret the gravitionally induced neutrino oscillation phases presented by us in our 1996 Gravity Research Foundation Essay.
The equations of motion describing all physical systems, except gravity, remain invariant if a constant is added to the Lagrangian. In the conventional approach, gravitational theories break this symmetry exhibited by all other physical…
Combining general relativity and gravitational gauge theory, the cosmological constant is determined theoretically. The cosmological constant is related to the average vacuum energy of gravitational gauge field. Because the vacuum energy of…
Gravitational lensing has developed into one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of the dark universe. This review summarises the theory of gravitational lensing, its main current applications and representative results achieved so…
Inertia is defined axiomatically. The gravitational field is caused by the flow of intergalactic masses. Origin of space and time are connected with fields. The cosmos is bounded by inertia and gravitation, which is the sequence of…
Short introduction to the gauge/gravity duality
The confrontation between general relativity (and its theoretically most plausible deviations) and experimental or observational results is summarized. Some discussion is devoted to the various methodologies used in confronting theory and…
This work is devoted to the discussion of an idea that gravitational interactions might be residual interactions of strong and electromagnetic interactions. Then, absence of the carriers of the gravitational interactions finds a natural…
In this chapter it is shown how the introduction of a fundamental constant of nature with dimensions of acceleration into the theory of gravity makes it possible to extend gravity in a very consistent manner.
The interesting early history of the cosmological term is reviewed, beginning with its introduction by Einstein in 1917 and ending with two papers of Zel'dovich, shortly before the advent of spontaneously broken gauge theories. Beside…
The concept of the space-time as emerging in the world phase transition, vs. a priori existing, is put forward. The theory of gravity with two basic symmetries, the global affine one and the general covariance, is developed. Implications…
We discuss the differences and analogies of gravitational clustering in finite and infinite systems. The process of collective, or violent, relaxation leading to the formation of quasi-stationary states is one of the distinguished features…
A review is given of some classical and quantum aspects of 2+1 dimensional gravity.
The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, and their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview…
The nature of gravitational singularities, long mysterious, has now become clear through a combination of mathematical and numerical analysis. As the singularity is approached, the time derivative terms in the field equations dominate, and…
This essay concerns the study of gravitation and general relativity at King's College London (KCL). It covers developments since the nineteenth century but its main focus is on the quarter of a century beginning in 1955. At King's research…
We briefly review ideas about ``noncommutativity of space-time'' and approaches toward a corresponding theory of gravity.