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Gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A, a long-duration GRB, was observed simultaneously by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) and the Kilometer Squared Array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) during the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-08 Sarira Sahu , B. Medina-Carrillo , D. I. Páez-Sánchez , G. Sánchez-Colón , Subhash Rajpoot

The early afterglow of a Gamma-ray burst (GRB) can provide critical information on the jet and progenitor of the GRB. The extreme brightness of GRB 221009A allows us to probe its early afterglow in unprecedented detail. In this letter, we…

Observations of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with TeV emission during their afterglow have been on the rise. Recently, GRB 221009A, the most energetic GRB ever observed, was detected by the {LHAASO} experiment in the energy band…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-15 Hebzibha Isravel , Damien Begue , Asaf Pe'er

The detection of gamma-ray burst GRB~221009A has attracted significant attention due to its record brightness and the first-ever detection of multi-TeV $\gamma$-rays from a GRB. Located at redshift $z=0.151$, this event is relatively nearby…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-14 Hassan Abdalla

On 9 October, 2022, an extremely powerful gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, was detected by several instruments. Despite being obstructed by the Milky Way galaxy, its afterglow outburst outshone all other GRBs seen before. LHAASO detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Sarira Sahu , B. Medina-Carrillo , G. Sánchez-Colón , Subhash Rajpoot

Recently, LHAASO reported the detection of brightest-of-all-time GRB 221009A, revealing the early onset of a TeV afterglow. However, there is no evidence of afterglow emission at such early time at other wavelengths. Here we report the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-12 Hai-Ming Zhang , Yi-Yun Huang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A produced the highest flux of gigaelectronvolt-teraelectronvolt ($\rm GeV-TeV$) photons ever observed, allowing the construction of a detailed $\rm TeV$ light curve. We focus on explaining the noticeable dip in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-11 Duan-yuan Gao , Yuan-Chuan Zou

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) of the long-duration class are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known in the Universe. They are generated by outflows of plasma ejected at near the speed of light by newly formed neutron stars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-15 MAGIC Collaboration , V. A. Acciari , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , D. Baack , A. Babić , B. Banerjee , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , L. Bellizzi , E. Bernardini , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , W. Bhattacharyya , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , G. Busetto , A. Carosi , R. Carosi , G. Ceribella , Y. Chai , A. Chilingaryan , S. Cikota , S. M. Colak , U. Colin , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , G. D'Amico , V. D'Elia , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , D. Depaoli , F. Di Pierro , L. Di Venere , E. Do Souto Espiñeira , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , V. Fallah Ramazani , A. Fattorini , A. Fernández-Barral , G. Ferrara , D. Fidalgo , L. Foffano , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , C. Fruck , S. Fukami , S. Gallozzi , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinović , D. Green , D. Guberman , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , J. Herrera , J. Hoang , D. Hrupec , M. Hütten , T. Inada , S. Inoue , K. Ishio , Y. Iwamura , L. Jouvin , D. Kerszberg , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , A. Lamastra , D. Lelas , F. Leone , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga , C. Maggio , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , S. Masuda , D. Mazin , S. Mićanović , D. Miceli , M. Minev , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , E. Molina , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , V. Moreno , E. Moretti , P. Munar-Adrover , V. Neustroev , C. Nigro , K. Nilsson , D. Ninci , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , L. Nogués , M. Nöthe , S. Nozaki , S. Paiano , J. Palacio , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , P. Peñil , M. Peresano , M. Persic , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , I. Puljak , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , A. Rugliancich , L. Saha , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , K. Satalecka , K. Schmidt , T. Schweizer , J. Sitarek , I. Šnidarić , D. Sobczynska , A. Somero , A. Stamerra , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , T. Surić , M. Takahashi , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzić , M. Teshima , N. Torres-Albà , L. Tosti , S. Tsujimoto , V. Vagelli , J. van Scherpenberg , G. Vanzo , M. Vazquez Acosta , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , M. Will , D. Zarić , L. Nava

The highly variable and energetic pulsed emission of a long gamma-ray burst (GRB) is thought to originate from local, rapid dissipation of kinetic or magnetic energy within an ultra-relativistic jet launched by a newborn compact object,…

In this paper, we model the dynamics and radiation physics of the rarity event GRB 221009A afterglow in detail. By introducing a top-hat jet that propagates in an environment dominated by stellar winds, we explain the publicly available…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-26 Jia Ren , Yun Wang , Lu-Lu Zhang , Zi-Gao Dai

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the Universe and are powered by ultra-relativistic jets. Their prompt $\gamma$-ray emission briefly outshines the rest of the $\gamma$-ray sky making them detectable from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-07 Ramandeep Gill , Jonathan Granot

We study GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst in the history of observations, using Fermi data. To calibrate them for large inclination angles, we use the Vela X gamma-ray source. Light curves in different spectral ranges demonstrate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-22 B. Stern , I. Tkachev

GRB 221009A ($z=0.151$) is one of the closest known long $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs). Its extreme brightness across all electromagnetic wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to study a member of this still-mysterious class of…

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected since the discovery of this kind of energetic explosions. However, an accurate measurement of the prompt emission properties of this burst is very challenging due to its exceptional…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-06 Zheng-Hua An , S. Antier , Xing-Zi Bi , Qing-Cui Bu , Ce Cai , Xue-Lei Cao , Anna-Elisa Camisasca , Zhi Chang , Gang Chen , Li Chen , Tian-Xiang Chen , Wen Chen , Yi-Bao Chen , Yong Chen , Yu-Peng Chen , Michael W. Coughlin , Wei-Wei Cui , Zi-Gao Dai , T. Hussenot-Desenonges , Yan-Qi Du , Yuan-Yuan Du , Yun-Fei Du , Cheng-Cheng Fan , Filippo Frontera , He Gao , Min Gao , Ming-Yu Ge , Ke Gong , Yu-Dong Gu , Ju Guan , Dong-Ya Guo , Zhi-Wei Guo , Cristiano Guidorzi , Da-Wei Han , Jian-Jian He , Jun-Wang He , Dong-Jie Hou , Yue Huang , Jia Huo , Zhen Ji , Shu-Mei Jia , Wei-Chun Jiang , David Alexander Kann , A. Klotz , Ling-Da Kong , Lin Lan , An Li , Bing Li , Chao-Yang Li , Cheng-Kui Li , Gang Li , Mao-Shun Li , Ti-Pei Li , Wei Li , Xiao-Bo Li , Xin-Qiao Li , Xu-Fang Li , Yan-Guo Li , Zheng-Wei Li , Jing Liang , Xiao-Hua Liang , Jin-Yuan Liao , Lin Lin , Cong-Zhan Liu , He-Xin Liu , Hong-Wei Liu , Jia-Cong Liu , Xiao-Jing Liu , Ya-Qing Liu , Yu-Rong Liu , Fang-Jun Lu , Hong Lu , Xue-Feng Lu , Qi Luo , Tao Luo , Bin-Yuan Ma , Fu-Li Ma , Rui-Can Ma , Xiang Ma , Romain Maccary , Ji-Rong Mao , Bin Meng , Jian-Yin Nie , Mauro Orlandini , Ge Ou , Jing-Qiang Peng , Wen-Xi Peng , Rui Qiao , Jin-Lu Qu , Xiao-Qin Ren , Jing-Yan Shi , Qi Shi , Li-Ming Song , Xin-Ying Song , Ju Su , Gong-Xing Sun , Liang Sun , Xi-Lei Sun , Wen-Jun Tan , Ying Tan , Lian Tao , You-Li Tuo , Damien Turpin , Jin-Zhou Wang , Chen Wang , Chen-Wei Wang , Hong-Jun Wang , Hui Wang , Jin Wang , Ling-Jun Wang , Peng-Ju Wang , Ping Wang , Wen-Shuai Wang , Xiang-Yu Wang , Xi-Lu Wang , Yu-Sa Wang , Yue Wang , Xiang-Yang Wen , Bo-Bing Wu , Bai-Yang Wu , Hong Wu , Sheng-Hui Xiao , Shuo Xiao , Yun-Xiang Xiao , Sheng-Lun Xie , Shao-Lin Xiong , Sen-Lin Xiong , Dong Xu , He Xu , Yan-Jun Xu , Yan-Bing Xu , Ying-Chen Xu , Yu-Peng Xu , Wang-Chen Xue , Sheng Yang , Yan-Ji Yang , Zi-Xu Yang , Wen-Tao Ye , Qi-Bin Yi , Shu-Xu Yi , Qian-Qing Yin , Yuan You , Yun-Wei Yu , Wei Yu , Wen-Hui Yu , Ming Zeng , Bing Zhang , Bin-Bin Zhang , Da-Li Zhang , Fan Zhang , Hong-Mei Zhang , Juan Zhang , Liang Zhang , Peng Zhang , Peng Zhang , Shu Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Wan-Chang Zhang , Xiao-Feng Zhang , Xiao-Lu Zhang , Yan-Qiu Zhang , Yan-Ting Zhang , Yi-Fei Zhang , Yuan-Hang Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Guo-Ying Zhao , Hai-Sheng Zhao , Hong-Yu Zhao , Qing-Xia Zhao , Shu-Jie Zhao , Xiao-Yun Zhao , Xiao-Fan Zhao , Yi Zhao , Chao Zheng , Shi-Jie Zheng , Deng-Ke Zhou , Xing Zhou , Xiao-Cheng Zhu

Recent detections of very high energy (VHE; GeV-TeV) photons from gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, most notably the extreme event GRB 221009A, require refined models that include realistic jet structures and complex circumburst…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-05 T. Mondal , S. Chakraborty , L. Resmi , D. Bose

The detection of $\gamma$-ray candidates up to the energy of $\approx$13 TeV from the exceptionally bright $\gamma$-ray burst GRB 221009A by the Large High Altitude Air-Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has raised considerable interest in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Timur A. Dzhatdoev , Jagdish C. Joshi , Abhijit Roy , Grigory I. Rubtsov , Anatoly A. Semenov

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed to date. Extensive observations of its afterglow emission across the electromagnetic spectrum were performed, providing the first strong evidence of a jet with a nontrivial angular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-11 LST Collaboration , K. Abe , S. Abe , A. Abhishek , F. Acero , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , C. Alispach , D. Ambrosino , F. Ambrosino , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , A. Arbet-Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , K. Asano , P. Aubert , A. Baktash , M. Balbo , A. Bamba , A. Baquero Larriva , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios Jiménez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , I. Bezshyiko , C. Bigongiari , E. Bissaldi , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , G. Borkowski , G. Brunelli , A. Bulgarelli , M. Bunse , I. Burelli , L. Burmistrov , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , R. Carraro , M. S. Carrasco , F. Cassol , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , A. Cerviño Cortínez , Y. Chai , K. Cheng , A. Chiavassa , M. Chikawa , G. Chon , L. Chytka , G. M. Cicciari , A. Cifuentes , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , H. Costantini , M. Dalchenko , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , M. de Bony de Lavergne , R. Del Burgo , C. Delgado , J. Delgado Mengual , M. Dellaiera , D. della Volpe , B. De Lotto , L. Del Peral , R. de Menezes , G. De Palma , C. Díaz , A. Di Piano , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , R. M. Dominik , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , J. Escudero , V. Fallah Ramazani , F. Ferrarotto , A. Fiasson , L. Foffano , F. Frías García-Lago , S. Fröse , Y. Fukazawa , S. Gallozzi , R. Garcia López , S. Garcia Soto , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , D. Geyer , J. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , D. Green , J. Green , S. Gunji , P. Günther , J. Hackfeld , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , M. Hashizume , T. Hassan , K. Hayashi , L. Heckmann , M. Heller , J. Herrera Llorente , K. Hirotani , D. Hoffmann , D. Horns , J. Houles , M. Hrabovsky , D. Hrupec , D. Hui , M. Iarlori , R. Imazawa , T. Inada , Y. Inome , S. Inoue , K. Ioka , M. Iori , T. Itokawa , A. Iuliano , J. Jahanvi , I. Jimenez Martinez , J. Jimenez Quiles , I. Jorge Rodrigo , J. Jurysek , M. Kagaya , O. Kalashev , V. Karas , H. Katagiri , D. Kerszberg , T. Kiyomot , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , A. Kong , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , B. Lacave , M. Lainez , G. Lamanna , A. Lamastra , L. Lemoigne , M. Linhoff , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , A. Lorini , J. Lozano Bahilo , F. Lucarelli , H. Luciani , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , D. Mandat , M. Manganaro , D. K. Maniadakis , G. Manicò , K. Mannheim , S. Marchesi , F. Marini , M. Mariotti , P. Marquez , G. Marsella , J. Martí , O. Martinez , G. Martínez , M. Martínez , A. Mas-Aguilar , M. Massa , G. Maurin , D. Mazin , J. Méndez-Gallego , S. Menon , E. Mestre Guillen , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Mizote , T. Mizuno , M. Molero Gonzalez , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , A. Moreno Ramos , A. Morselli , V. Moya , H. Muraishi , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamori , A. Neronov , D. Nieto Castaño , M. Nievas Rosillo , L. Nikolic , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , Y. Ohtani , T. Oka , A. Okumura , R. Orito , L. Orsini , J. Otero-Santos , P. Ottanelli , M. Palatiello , G. Panebianco , D. Paneque , F. R. Pantaleo , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Pech , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , F. Pfeifle , E. Pietropaolo , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , C. Plard , F. Podobnik , M. Polo , E. Prandini , M. Prouza , S. Rainò , R. Rando , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , V. Rizi , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , M. D. Rodríguez Frías , P. Romano , A. Roy , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , D. A. Sanchez , H. Sano , T. Šarić , Y. Sato , F. G. Saturni , V. Savchenko , F. Schiavone , B. Schleicher , F. Schmuckermaier , J. L. Schubert , F. Schussler , T. Schweizer , M. Seglar Arroyo , T. Siegert , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , A. Stamerra , J. Strišković , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , A. Sunny , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , J. Takata , R. Takeishi , P. H. T. Tam , S. J. Tanaka , D. Tateishi , T. Tavernier , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , M. Tluczykont , F. Tokanai , T. Tomura , D. F. Torres , F. Tramonti , P. Travnicek , G. Tripodo , A. Tutone , M. Vacula , J. van Scherpenberg , M. Vázquez Acosta , S. Ventura , S. Vercellone , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , V. Voitsekhovskyi , G. Voutsinas , I. Vovk , T. Vuillaume , R. Walter , L. Wan , M. Will , J. Wójtowicz , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , Y. Yao , P. K. H. Yeung , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , W. Zhang

We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10 MeV) pulse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-10 M. Axelsson , M. Ajello , M. Arimoto , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , M. G. Baring , C. Bartolini , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra Gonzalez , R. Bellazzini , B. Berenji , E. Bissaldi , R. D. Blandford , R. Bonino , P. Bruel , S. Buson , R. A. Cameron , R. Caputo , P. A. Caraveo , E. Cavazzuti , C. C. Cheung , G. Chiaro , N. Cibrario , S. Ciprini , G. Cozzolongo , P. Cristarella Orestano , M. Crnogorcevic , A. Cuoco , S. Cutini , F. D'Ammando , S. De Gaetano , N. Di Lalla , A. Dinesh , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , A. Domínguez , S. J. Fegan , E. C. Ferrara , A. Fiori , A. Franckowiak , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , P. Fusco , G. Galanti , F. Gargano , C. Gasbarra , S. Germani , F. Giacchino , N. Giglietto , M. Giliberti , R. Gill , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , J. Granot , D. Green , I. A. Grenier , S. Guiriec , M. Gustafsson , M. Hashizume , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , D. Horan , T. Kayanoki , M. Kuss , A. Laviron , J. Li , I. Liodakis , F. Longo , F. Loparco , L. Lorusso , B. Lott , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , D. Malyshev , A. Manfreda , G. Martí-Devesa , R. Martinelli , I. Martinez Castellanos , M. N. Mazziotta , J. E. McEnery , I. Mereu , M. Meyer , P. F. Michelson , N. Mirabal , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Mizuno , P. Monti-Guarnieri , M. E. Monzani , T. Morishita , A. Morselli , I. V. Moskalenko , M. Negro , R. Niwa , N. Omodei , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , D. Paneque , G. Panzarini , M. Persic , M. Pesce-Rollins , V. Petrosian , R. Pillera , F. Piron , T. A. Porter , G. Principe , J. L. Racusin , S. Rainò , R. Rando , B. Rani , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , F. Ryde , M. Sánchez-Conde , P. M. Saz Parkinson , D. Serini , C. Sgrò , V. Sharma , E. J. Siskind , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , D. J. Suson , H. Tajima , D. Tak , J. B. Thayer , D. F. Torres , J. Valverde , G. Zaharijas , S. Lesage , M. S. Briggs , E. Burns , S. Bala , P. N. Bhat , W. H. Cleveland , S. Dalessi , C. de Barra , M. Gibby , M. M. Giles , R. Hamburg , B. A. Hristov , C. M. Hui , D. Kocevski , B. Mailyan , C. Malacaria , S. McBreen , S. Poolakkil , O. J. Roberts , L. Scotton , P. Veres , A. von Kienlin , C. A. Wilson-Hodge , J. Wood

Recently gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been detected at very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, and a two-component jet model has often been invoked to explain multiwavelength data. In this work,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-26 Yuri Sato , Kohta Murase , Yutaka Ohira , Ryo Yamazaki
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