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Related papers: Explaining SAT Solving Using Causal Reasoning

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Modern CDCL SAT solvers easily solve industrial instances containing tens of millions of variables and clauses, despite the theoretical intractability of the SAT problem. This gap between practice and theory is a central problem in solver…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Chunxiao Li , Jonathan Chung , Soham Mukherjee , Marc Vinyals , Noah Fleming , Antonina Kolokolova , Alice Mu , Vijay Ganesh

It is well known that different solution strategies work well for different types of instances of hard combinatorial problems. As a consequence, most solvers for the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) expose parameters that allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Frank Hutter , Marius Lindauer , Adrian Balint , Sam Bayless , Holger Hoos , Kevin Leyton-Brown

The safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) in high-stakes fields like biomedicine, requires them to be able to reason about cause and effect. We investigate this ability by testing 13 open-source LLMs on a fundamental task:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sydney Anuyah , Sneha Shajee-Mohan , Ankit-Singh Chauhan , Sunandan Chakraborty

The Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem is the canonical NP-complete problem and is fundamental to computer science, with a wide array of applications in planning, verification, and theorem proving. Developing and evaluating practical SAT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Jiaxuan You , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Raghuram Ramanujan , Jure Leskovec

While witnessing the exceptional success of machine learning (ML) technologies in many applications, users are starting to notice a critical shortcoming of ML: correlation is a poor substitute for causation. The conventional way to discover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ahmet Kapkiç , Pratanu Mandal , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Abhinav Gorantla , Yoonhyuk Choi , Huan Liu , K. Selçuk Candan

Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) is a well-known optimization pro- blem, with several practical applications. The most widely known MAXS AT algorithms are ineffective at solving hard problems instances from practical application domains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-12-10 Joao Marques-Silva , Jordi Planes

SAT solvers are indispensable in formal verification for hardware and software with many important applications. CDCL is the most widely used framework for modern SAT solvers, and restart is an essential technique of CDCL. When restarting,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xindi Zhang , Zhihan Chen , Shaowei Cai

Clause Learning is one of the most important components of a conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solver that is effective on industrial instances. Since the number of learned clauses is proved to be exponential in the worse case, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Jerry Lonlac , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

Previous efforts on making Satisfiability (SAT) solving fit for high performance computing (HPC) have lead to super-linear speedups on particular formulae, but for most inputs cannot make efficient use of a large number of processors.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Dominik Schreiber , Peter Sanders

Understanding the root cause of a defect is critical to isolating and repairing buggy behavior. We present Causal Testing, a new method of root-cause analysis that relies on the theory of counterfactual causality to identify a set of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Brittany Johnson , Yuriy Brun , Alexandra Meliou

Causal reasoning in natural language requires identifying relevant variables, understanding their interactions, and reasoning about effects and interventions, often under noisy or ambiguous conditions. While large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zhi Xu , Yun Fu

Current clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) typically base their predictions on correlation, not causation. In recent years, causal machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising way to improve decision-making with CDSSs by offering…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Domenique Zipperling , Lukas Schmidt , Benedikt Hahn , Niklas Kühl , Steven Kimbrough

Real world systems evolve in continuous-time according to their underlying causal relationships, yet their dynamics are often unknown. Existing approaches to learning such dynamics typically either discretize time -- leading to poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Nicholas Tagliapietra , Katharina Ensinger , Christoph Zimmer , Osman Mian

Causal reasoning (CR) is a crucial aspect of intelligence, essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding the world. While language models (LMs) can generate rationales for their outputs, their ability to reliably perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Longxuan Yu , Delin Chen , Siheng Xiong , Qingyang Wu , Qingzhen Liu , Dawei Li , Zhikai Chen , Xiaoze Liu , Liangming Pan

The dramatic improvements in combinatorial optimization algorithms over the last decades have had a major impact in artificial intelligence, operations research, and beyond, but the output of current state-of-the-art solvers is often hard…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Stephan Gocht , Jakob Nordström

It has been shown that Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem instances can be effectively solved by partitioning the set of soft clauses into several disjoint sets. The partitioning methods can be based on clause weights (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Pedro Orvalho , Vasco Manquinho , Ruben Martins

Modern neural networks obtain information about the problem and calculate the output solely from the input values. We argue that it is not always optimal, and the network's performance can be significantly improved by augmenting it with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Emils Ozolins , Karlis Freivalds , Andis Draguns , Eliza Gaile , Ronalds Zakovskis , Sergejs Kozlovics

Recent work introduced the cube-and-conquer technique to solve hard SAT instances. It partitions the search space into cubes using a lookahead solver. Each cube is tackled by a conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solver. Crucial for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Peter van der Tak , Marijn J. H. Heule , Armin Biere

Uncovering the mechanisms behind "jailbreaks" in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing their safety and reliability, yet these mechanisms remain poorly understood. Existing studies predominantly analyze jailbreak prompts by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Licheng Pan , Yunsheng Lu , Jiexi Liu , Jialing Tao , Haozhe Feng , Hui Xue , Zhixuan Chu , Kui Ren

State-of-the-art Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers constitute a practical and competitive approach for solving various real-world problems. To encourage their widespread adoption, the relatively high barrier of entry following from the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Christoph Jabs
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