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The Classical Nucleation Theory allegedly fails to describe the temperature dependence of the homogeneous crystal nucleation rates below the temperature of maximum nucleation, $T_{\mathrm{max}}$. Possible explanations for this suspected…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-22 Daniel Roberto Cassar , André Hofmeister Serra , Oscar Peitl , Edgar Dutra Zanotto

Crystallization, a prototypical self-organization process during which a disordered state spontaneously transforms into a crystal characterized by a regular arrangement of its building blocks, usually proceeds by nucleation and growth. In…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-10-06 Swetlana Jungblut , Christoph Dellago

Using molecular simulations and a modified Classical Nucleation Theory, we study the nucleation, under flow, of a variety of liquids: different water models, Lennard-Jones and hard sphere colloids. Our approach enables us to analyze a wide…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-19 Amrita Goswami , Indranil Saha Dalal , Jayant K. Singh

The question whether or not the presence of warm hydrometeors in clouds may play a significant role in the nucleation of new ice particles has been debated for several decades. While the early works of Fukuta and Lee (1986) and Baker (1991)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Michael Krayer , Agathe Chouippe , Markus Uhlmann , Jan Dušek , Thomas Leisner

Heterogeneous nucleation is a process wherein extrinsic impurities facilitate freezing by lowering nucleation barriers and constitutes the dominant mechanism for crystallization in most systems. Classical nucleation theory (\textsc{Cnt})…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-12 Fernanda Sulantay Vargas , Sarwar Hussain , Amir Haji-Akbari

According to classical nucleation theory, a crystal grows from a small nucleus that already bears the symmetry of its end phase - but experiments with colloids now reveal that, from an amorphous precursor, crystallites with different…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-07-15 László Gránásy , Gyula I. Tóth

Classical theories of crystal nucleation and growth from the liquid assume activated processes that are interface limited, with the atoms individually joining the growing interface by jumps that occur at a rate that is determined by the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Fangzheng Chen , Zohar Nussinov , K. F. Kelton

Computational studies of crystal nucleation can be impacted by finite size effects, primarily due to unphysical interactions between crystalline nuclei and their periodic images. It is, however, not always feasible to systematically…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-29 Sarwar Hussain , Amir Haji-Akbari

Crystal growth and crystal coalescence processes in supercooled systems strongly depend on the concentration of crystallization centers. We perform atomistic dynamics simulations of the crystallization process in the ultrathin metallic film…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-09-04 Bulat N. Galimzyanov , Vladimir I. Ladyanov , Anatolii V. Mokshin

The formation mechanism of ice banding in the system of freezing colloidal suspensions, which is of significance in frost heaving, ice-templating porous materials and biological materials, still remains a mystery. Recently, the theory of…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-12-21 Jiaxue You , Jincheng Wang , Lilin Wang , Zhijun Wang , Junjie Li , Xin Lin

This monograph reviews our current understanding of the physical dynamics of ice crystal growth, focusing on the spontaneous formation of complex structures from water vapor (called snow crystals) as a function of temperature,…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-12-10 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

While statistical mechanics provides a comprehensive framework for the understanding of equilibrium phase behavior, predicting the kinetics of phase transformations remains a challenge. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-12 David Richard , Thomas Speck

In the study of crystal nucleation via computer simulations, hard spheres are arguably the most extensively explored model system. Nonetheless, even in this simple model system, the complex thermodynamics of crystal nuclei can sometimes…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-02-19 Marjolein de Jager , Carlos Vega , Pablo Montero de Hijes , Frank Smallenburg , Laura Filion

What makes a material a good ice nucleating agent? Despite the importance of heterogeneous ice nucleation to a variety of fields, from cloud science to microbiology, major gaps in our understanding of this ubiquitous process still prevent…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-29 Martin Fitzner , Gabriele C Sosso , Stephen J Cox , Angelos Michaelides

Recently, it was shown that a theoretical description of nucleation based on fluctuating hydrodynamics and classical density functional theory can be used to determine non-classical nucleation pathways for crystallization (Lutsko, Sci. Adv.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 James F. Lutsko , Cédric Schoonen

Organic molecules such as steroids or amino acids form crystals that can facilitate the formation of ice -- arguably the most important phase transition on earth. However, the origin of the ice nucleating ability of organic crystals is…

We determined bulk crystal nucleation rates in aqueous suspensions of charged spheres at low metastability. Experiments were performed in dependence on electrolyte concen-tration and for two different particle number densities. The…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-11-04 Jürgen Schwarz , Paul Leiderer , Thomas Palberg

Models without an explicit time dependence, called singular models, are widely used for fitting the distribution of temperatures at which water droplets freeze. In 1950 Levine developed the original singular model. His key assumption was…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2013-07-31 Richard P. Sear

The formation and growth of ice particles, particularly on the surfaces of spherical water droplets, bear profound implications for localized weather systems and global climate. Herein, we develop a theoretical framework for ice nucleation…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-03 Yang Li , Prachi Parashar , Iver Brevik , Clas Persson , I. Malyi , Mathias Boström

Classical nucleation theory has been recently reformulated based on fluctuating hydrodynamics [J.F. Lutsko and M.A. Dur\'{a}n-Olivencia, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 244908 (2013)]. The present work extends this effort to the case of nucleation in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-02-20 Miguel A. Durán-Olivencia , James F. Lutsko