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The increasing demand for customized Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of solutions like GPTs. These solutions facilitate tailored LLM creation via natural language prompts without coding. However, the trustworthiness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Rui Wen , Wenbo Jiang , Yuan Zhang , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Large Language Model-based systems (LLM systems) are information and query processing systems that use LLMs to plan operations from natural-language prompts and feed the output of each successive step into the LLM to plan the next. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Fangzhou Wu , Ethan Cecchetti , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assistance of LLMs has raised the challenge of "jailbreaking",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sibo Yi , Yule Liu , Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Jiaxing Song , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Large language model (LLM) services have recently begun offering a plugin ecosystem to interact with third-party API services. This innovation enhances the capabilities of LLMs, but it also introduces risks, as these plugins developed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Wanru Zhao , Vidit Khazanchi , Haodi Xing , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Nicholas Donald Lane

Safety is a paramount concern for large language models (LLMs) in open deployment, motivating the development of safeguard methods that enforce ethical and responsible use through safety alignment or guardrail mechanisms. Jailbreak attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Qingzhao Zhang , Ziyang Xiong , Z. Morley Mao

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in a variety of important applications, yet their safety and reliability remain as major concerns. Various adversarial and jailbreak attacks have been proposed to bypass the safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leon Zhou , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

Batch prompting, which combines a batch of multiple queries sharing the same context in one inference, has emerged as a promising solution to reduce inference costs. However, our study reveals a significant security vulnerability in batch…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Murong Yue , Ziyu Yao

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions within seemingly benign input data to manipulate the LLM's intended behavior. Recent defenses based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sarthak Choudhary , Divyam Anshumaan , Nils Palumbo , Somesh Jha

A Large Language Model (LLM) powered GUI agent is a specialized autonomous system that performs tasks on the user's behalf according to high-level instructions. It does so by perceiving and interpreting the graphical user interfaces (GUIs)…

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection attacks remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates five leading LALMs across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Guanyu Hou , Jiaming He , Yinhang Zhou , Ji Guo , Yitong Qiao , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

Despite careful safety alignment, current large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to various attacks. To further unveil the safety risks of LLMs, we introduce a Safety Concept Activation Vector (SCAV) framework, which effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhihao Xu , Ruixuan Huang , Changyu Chen , Xiting Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) jailbreak refers to a type of attack aimed to bypass the safeguard of an LLM to generate contents that are inconsistent with the safe usage guidelines. Based on the insights from the self-attention computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zhilong Wang , Haizhou Wang , Nanqing Luo , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyan Sun , Yebo Cao , Peng Liu

The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli
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