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Software vulnerability detection (SVD) is a critical challenge in modern systems. Large language models (LLMs) offer natural-language explanations alongside predictions, but most work focuses on binary evaluation, and explanations often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Samal Mukhtar , Yinghua Yao , Zhu Sun , Mustafa Mustafa , Yew Soon Ong , Youcheng Sun

Malware detection in modern computing environments demands models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust to evasive techniques. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in this domain by modeling rich structural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Griffin Higgins , Ali A Ghorbani

Signed graphs are powerful models for representing complex relations with both positive and negative connections. Recently, Signed Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have emerged as potent tools for analyzing such graphs. To our knowledge, no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zeyu Zhang , Lu Li , Xingyu Ji , Kaiqi Zhao , Xiaofeng Zhu , Philip S. Yu , Jiawei Li , Maojun Wang

Control Flow Graphs (CFGs) are critical for analyzing program execution and characterizing malware behavior. With the growing adoption of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), CFG-based representations have proven highly effective for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Ali A. Ghorbani

The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element in the software development life cycle to ensure the security of software. While vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field, the identification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Andreas Schaad , Dominik Binder

Malicious software (malware) causes much harm to our devices and life. We are eager to understand the malware behavior and the threat it made. Most of the record files of malware are variable length and text-based files with time stamps,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-12 S. W. Hsiao , P. Y. Chu

Deep learning is being used extensively in a variety of software engineering tasks, e.g., program classification and defect prediction. Although the technique eliminates the required process of feature engineering, the construction of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Zhehao Zhao , Bo Yang , Ge Li , Huai Liu , Zhi Jin

Recently, deep learning techniques have garnered substantial attention for their ability to identify vulnerable code patterns accurately. However, current state-of-the-art deep learning models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Marwan Omar

Learning distributed representations of source code has been a challenging task for machine learning models. Earlier works treated programs as text so that natural language methods can be readily applied. Unfortunately, such approaches do…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Yu Wang , Fengjuan Gao , Linzhang Wang , Ke Wang

Unlike the flow structure of natural languages, programming languages have an inherent rigidity in structure and grammar.However, existing detection methods based on pre-trained models typically treat code as a natural language sequence,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Yingfei Xiong , Zhi Jin

Graph kernels have been successfully applied to many graph classification problems. Typically, a kernel is first designed, and then an SVM classifier is trained based on the features defined implicitly by this kernel. This two-stage…

This paper presents VulBERTa, a deep learning approach to detect security vulnerabilities in source code. Our approach pre-trains a RoBERTa model with a custom tokenisation pipeline on real-world code from open-source C/C++ projects. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Hazim Hanif , Sergio Maffeis

Program or process is an integral part of almost every IT/OT system. Can we trust the identity/ID (e.g., executable name) of the program? To avoid detection, malware may disguise itself using the ID of a legitimate program, and a system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Shen Wang , Zhengzhang Chen , Ding Li , Lu-An Tang , Jingchao Ni , Zhichun Li , Junghwan Rhee , Haifeng Chen , Philip S. Yu

Recently, Graph Neural Network (GNN) has achieved remarkable success in various real-world problems on graph data. However in most industries, data exists in the form of isolated islands and the data privacy and security is also an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xiang Ni , Xiaolong Xu , Lingjuan Lyu , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Software comprehension can be extremely time-consuming due to the ever-growing size of codebases. Consequently, there is an increasing need to accelerate the code comprehension process to facilitate maintenance and reduce associated costs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Krzysztof Borowski , Bartosz Baliś , Tomasz Orzechowski

Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Deep Learning (DL) in automated software vulnerability detection. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven effective in learning the graph representations of source code and are commonly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Xin-Cheng Wen , Yupan Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Hongyu Zhang , Jie M. Zhang , Qing Liao

The increasing complexity and volume of software systems have heightened the importance of identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities. The existing software vulnerability datasets frequently fall short in providing comprehensive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Murtuza Shahzad , Joseph Wilson , Ibrahim Al Azher , Hamed Alhoori , Mona Rahimi

Code vulnerability detection (CVD) is essential for addressing and preventing system security issues, playing a crucial role in ensuring software security. Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods rely on either fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xuefeng Jiang , Lvhua Wu , Sheng Sun , Jia Li , Jingjing Xue , Yuwei Wang , Tingting Wu , Min Liu

Weaknesses in computer systems such as faults, bugs and errors in the architecture, design or implementation of software provide vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers to compromise the security of a system. Common Weakness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Siddhartha Shankar Das , Edoardo Serra , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Alex Pothen , Ehab Al-Shaer

Software vulnerabilities are a challenge in cybersecurity. Manual security patches are often difficult and slow to be deployed, while new vulnerabilities are created. Binary code vulnerability detection is less studied and more complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Litao Li , Steven H. H. Ding , Andrew Walenstein , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung