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Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

We study the problem of finding equilibrium strategies in multi-agent games with incomplete payoff information, where the payoff matrices are only known to the players up to some bounded uncertainty sets. In such games, an ex-post…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Wenshuo Guo , Mihaela Curmei , Serena Wang , Benjamin Recht , Michael I. Jordan

Zero-sum games are a fundamental setting for adversarial training and decision-making in multi-agent learning (MAL). Existing methods often ensure convergence to (approximate) Nash equilibria by introducing a form of regularization. Yet,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tuo Zhang , Leonardo Stella

Mechanism design is essentially reverse engineering of games and involves inducing a game among strategic agents in a way that the induced game satisfies a set of desired properties in an equilibrium of the game. Desirable properties for a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 V. Udaya Sankar , Vishisht Srihari Rao , Mayank Ratan Bhardwaj , Y. Narahari

Motivated by the recent applications of game-theoretical learning techniques to the design of distributed control systems, we study a class of control problems that can be formulated as potential games with continuous action sets, and we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Steven Perkins , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , David S. Leslie

We study the problem of computing Nash equilibria of zero-sum games. Many natural zero-sum games have exponentially many strategies, but highly structured payoffs. For example, in the well-studied Colonel Blotto game (introduced by Borel in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 AmirMahdi Ahmadinejad , Sina Dehghani , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Brendan Lucier , Hamid Mahini , Saeed Seddighin

In game-theoretic learning, several agents are simultaneously following their individual interests, so the environment is non-stationary from each player's perspective. In this context, the performance of a learning algorithm is often…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

The works of (Daskalakis et al., 2009, 2022; Jin et al., 2022; Deng et al., 2023) indicate that computing Nash equilibria in multi-player Markov games is a computationally hard task. This fact raises the question of whether or not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Fivos Kalogiannis , Ioannis Panageas

One key in real-life Nash equilibrium applications is to calibrate players' cost functions. To leverage the approximation ability of neural networks, we proposed a general framework for optimizing and learning Nash equilibrium using neural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Di Zhang , Wei Gu , Qing Jin

The paper deals with a zero-sum differential game in which the dynamical system is described by a fractional differential equation with the Caputo derivative of an order $\alpha \in (0, 1).$ The goal of the first (second) player is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Mikhail Gomoyunov

To regulate a social system comprised of self-interested agents, economic incentives are often required to induce a desirable outcome. This incentive design problem naturally possesses a bilevel structure, in which a designer modifies the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Boyi Liu , Jiayang Li , Zhuoran Yang , Hoi-To Wai , Mingyi Hong , Yu Marco Nie , Zhaoran Wang

We study decentralized equilibrium selection in stochastic games under severe information and communication constraints. In such settings, convergence to equilibrium alone is insufficient, as stochastic games typically admit many equilibria…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Seref Taha Kiremitci , Ahmed Said Donmez , Muhammed O. Sayin

Game-theoretic concepts have been extensively studied in economics to provide insight into competitive behaviour and strategic decision making. As computing systems increasingly involve concurrently acting autonomous agents, game-theoretic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos , Rui Yan

Solution concepts such as Nash Equilibria, Correlated Equilibria, and Coarse Correlated Equilibria are useful components for many multiagent machine learning algorithms. Unfortunately, solving a normal-form game could take prohibitive or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Luke Marris , Ian Gemp , Thomas Anthony , Andrea Tacchetti , Siqi Liu , Karl Tuyls

As part of an effort to apply the rigorous guarantees of formal verification to multi-agent systems, the field of equilibrium analysis, also called rational verification, studies equilibria in multiplayer games to reason about system-level…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Senthil Rajasekaran , Jean-François Raskin , Moshe Y. Vardi

Many interactions result in a socially suboptimal equilibrium, or in a non-equilibrium state, from which arriving at an equilibrium through simple dynamics can be impossible of too long. Aiming to achieve a certain equilibrium, we persuade,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Gleb Polevoy , Jonas Schweichhart

We investigate two notions of correlated equilibrium for extensive-form games: extensive-form correlated equilibrium (EFCE) and behavioral correlated equilibrium (BCE). We show that the two are outcome-equivalent, in the sense that every…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Brian Hu Zhang , Tuomas Sandholm

Two player zero sum simultaneous action games are common in video games, financial markets, war, business competition, and many other settings. We first introduce the fundamental concepts of reinforcement learning in two player zero sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Patrick Phillips

The AlphaZero algorithm for the learning of strategy games via self-play, which has produced superhuman ability in the games of Go, chess, and shogi, uses a quantitative reward function for game outcomes, requiring the users of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Dan Schmidt , Nick Moran , Jonathan S. Rosenfeld , Jonathan Rosenthal , Jonathan Yedidia

We study a variant of a recently introduced min-max optimization framework where the max-player is constrained to update its parameters in a greedy manner until it reaches a first-order stationary point. Our equilibrium definition for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Vijay Keswani , Oren Mangoubi , Sushant Sachdeva , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi