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Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated grading, but their outputs can be unreliable. Rather than improving grading accuracy directly, we address a complementary problem: \textit{predicting when an LLM grader is likely to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Robinson Ferrer , Damla Turgut , Zhongzhou Chen , Shashank Sonkar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges to evaluate recommendation systems, search engines, and other subjective tasks, where relying on human evaluators can be costly, time-consuming, and unscalable. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gerrit J. J. van den Burg , Gen Suzuki , Wei Liu , Murat Sensoy

Instruction-tuned large language models have revolutionized natural language processing and have shown great potential in applications such as conversational agents. These models, such as GPT-4, can not only master language but also solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yew Ken Chia , Pengfei Hong , Lidong Bing , Soujanya Poria

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated algorithm design has shown promising potential. A prevalent approach embeds LLMs within search routines to iteratively generate and refine candidate algorithms. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Fei Liu , Rui Zhang , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Language Learning Models (LLMs) in responding to human instructions. The quality of instruction pairs used for tuning greatly affects the performance of LLMs. However, the manual creation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yilun Liu , Shimin Tao , Xiaofeng Zhao , Ming Zhu , Wenbing Ma , Junhao Zhu , Chang Su , Yutai Hou , Miao Zhang , Min Zhang , Hongxia Ma , Li Zhang , Hao Yang , Yanfei Jiang

A Large Language Model (LLM) as judge evaluates the quality of victim Machine Learning (ML) models, specifically LLMs, by analyzing their outputs. An LLM as judge is the combination of one model and one specifically engineered judge prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tom Biskupski , Stephan Kleber

With the rapid improvement in the general capabilities of LLMs, LLM personalization, i.e., how to build LLM systems that can generate personalized responses or services that are tailored to distinct user personas, has become an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Meiling Tao , Chenghao Zhu , Dongyi Ding , Tiannan Wang , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Wangchunshu Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in new dialogue capabilities by leveraging instruction tuning, which refreshes human impressions of dialogue systems. The long-standing goal of dialogue systems is to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiao Ou , Junda Lu , Che Liu , Yihong Tang , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Instruction tuning benefits from large and diverse datasets; however, creating such datasets involves a high cost of human labeling. While synthetic datasets generated by large language models (LLMs) have partly solved this issue, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ritik Sachin Parkar , Jaehyung Kim , Jong Inn Park , Dongyeop Kang

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

This project focuses on enhancing open-source large language models through instruction-tuning and providing comprehensive evaluations of their performance. We explore how various training data factors, such as quantity, quality, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fangkai Jiao , Bosheng Ding , Tianze Luo , Zhanfeng Mo

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced conversational AI assistants. However, systematically evaluating how well these assistants apply personalization--adapting to individual user preferences while completing tasks--remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Zheng Zhao , Clara Vania , Subhradeep Kayal , Naila Khan , Shay B. Cohen , Emine Yilmaz

The promise of generative AI to revolutionize education is constrained by the pedagogical limits of large language models (LLMs). A major issue is the lack of access to high-quality training data that reflect the learning of actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Janos Perczel , Jin Chow , Dorottya Demszky

Human evaluation is indispensable and inevitable for assessing the quality of texts generated by machine learning models or written by humans. However, human evaluation is very difficult to reproduce and its quality is notoriously unstable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

There is a consensus that instruction fine-tuning of LLMs requires high-quality data, but what are they? LIMA (NeurIPS 2023) and AlpaGasus (ICLR 2024) are state-of-the-art methods for selecting such high-quality examples, either via manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hao Zhao , Maksym Andriushchenko , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

Large language models (LLMs) can often generate functionally correct code, but their ability to produce efficient implementations for performance-critical systems tasks remains limited. Existing code benchmarks mainly emphasize correctness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Haochen Shi , Hanyu Yang , Sirui Zhang , Shaojin Chen , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used in educational settings without pedagogical fine-tuning, often provide immediate answers rather than guiding students through the problem-solving process. This approach falls short of pedagogically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shashank Sonkar , Kangqi Ni , Sapana Chaudhary , Richard G. Baraniuk