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The Ramsey number r(H) of a graph H is the minimum positive integer N such that every two-coloring of the edges of the complete graph K_N on N vertices contains a monochromatic copy of H. A graph H is d-degenerate if every subgraph of H has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-03-14 Jacob Fox , Benny Sudakov

For two graph H and G, the Ramsey number r(H, G) is the smallest positive integer n such that every red-blue edge coloring of the complete graph K_n on n vertices contains either a red copy of H or a blue copy of G. Motivated by questions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-29 Benny Sudakov

The Ramsey number $r(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $N$ vertices contains a monochromatic copy of $G$. Determining or estimating these numbers is one of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-02 Benny Sudakov

The Ramsey number $r(G,H)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every graph on $N$ vertices contains $G$ as a subgraph or its complement contains $H$ as a subgraph. For integers $n \geq k \geq 1$, the $k$-book $B_{k,n}$ is the graph on $n$ vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Jacob Fox , Xiaoyu He , Yuval Wigderson

Given graphs $G$ and $H$, we say $G \stackrel{r}{\to} H$ if every $r$-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. Let $H[t]$ denote the $t$-blowup of $H$. The blowup Ramsey number $B(G \stackrel{r}{\to} H;t)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 António Girão , Robert Hancock

For given graphs G1 and G2 the Ramsey number R(G1,G2), is the smallest positive integer n such that each blue-red edge coloring of the complete graph Kn contains a blue copy of G1 or a red copy of G2. In 1983, Erdos conjectured that there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-28 Leila Maherani , Gholamreza Omidi

The Ramsey number $r(t;\ell)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every $\ell$-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ gives a monochromatic $K_{t}$. In recent years, there have been several improvements on asymptotic lower bounds for these numbers when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Yamaan Attwa , Albert López Vidal , Patrick Morris

Given positive integers $n$ and $k$, the book graph $B_n^{(k)}$ consists of $n$ copies of $K_{k+1}$ sharing a common $K_k$. The book graph is a common generalization of a star and a clique, which can be seen by taking $k=1$ and $n=1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Chunyang Dou , Tianyu Li , Qizhong Lin , Xing Peng

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, the {Ramsey number} $R(G,H)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that every 2-coloring of the edges of $K_{N}$ contains either a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Let $K_{N-1}\sqcup K_{1,k}$ be the graph obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Taiping Jiang , Xinmin Hou

For an integer $r\geq 2$ and bipartite graphs $H_i$, where $1\leq i\leq r$, the bipartite Ramsey number $br(H_1,H_2,\ldots,H_r)$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that any $r$-edge coloring of the complete bipartite graph $K_{N,N}$ contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-03 Shaoqiang Liu , Yuejian Peng

The size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}(H)$ of a graph $H$ is the smallest number of edges a (host) graph $G$ can have, such that for any red/blue colouring of $G$, there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in $G$. Recently, Conlon, Nenadov and Truji\'c…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Nemanja Draganić , Kalina Petrova

For two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, the size Ramsey number $\hat{r}(G_1,G_2)$ is the smallest positive integer $m$ for which there exists a graph $G$ of size $m$ such that for any red-blue edge-coloring of the graph $G$, $G$ contains either a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Yufan Li , Yanbo Zhang , Yunqing Zhang

For a given pair of two graphs $(F,H)$, let $R(F,H)$ be the smallest positive integer $r$ such that for any graph $G$ of order $r$, either $G$ contains $F$ as a subgraph or the complement of $G$ contains $H$ as a subgraph. Baskoro, Broersma…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Shin-ya Kadota , Tomokazu Onozuka , Yuta Suzuki

The size Ramsey number $ \hat{r}(G,H) $ of two graphs $ G $ and $ H $ is the smallest integer $ m $ such that there exists a graph $ F $ on $ m $ edges with the property that every red-blue colouring of the edges of $ F $, yields a red copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-14 Meysam Miralaei , Gholamreza Omidi , Maryam Shahsiah

Given a graph $H$, the $k$-colored Gallai Ramsey number $gr_{k}(K_{3} : H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on $n$ vertices contains either a rainbow triangle or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-14 Colton Magnant , Ingo Schiermeyer

The Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the smallest integer $N$ such that every $N$-vertex $k$-graph contains either a copy of $K_s^{(k)}$ or an independent set of size $n$. A well-known conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and Hajnal states that for any fixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Chunchao Fan , Mingze Li , Qizhong Lin , Bo Ning

For graphs $G$ and $H$, let $G\to H$ signify that any red/blue edge coloring of $G$ contains a monochromatic $H$. Let $G(N,p)$ be the random graph of order $N$ and edge probability $p$. The Ramsey thresholds for fixed graphs have received…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Qizhong Lin , Ye Wang

The Ramsey number $\mathrm{R}(G_1,G_2)$ is the smallest integer $N$ such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains either a red copy of $G_1$ or a blue copy of $G_2$. In 2022, the third author and others…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Maoxuan Li , Masaki Kashima , Yaping Mao

A set of vertices $X\subseteq V$ in a simple graph $G(V,E)$ is irredundant if each vertex $x\in X$ is either isolated in the induced subgraph $G[X]$ or else has a private neighbor $y\in V\setminus X$ that is adjacent to $x$ and to no other…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Meng Ji , Yaping Mao , Ingo Schiermeyer

Given positive integers $k$ and $\ell$ we write $G \rightarrow (K_k,K_\ell)$ if every 2-colouring of the edges of $G$ yields a red copy of $K_k$ or a blue copy of $K_\ell$ and we denote by $R(k)$ the minimum $n$ such that $K_n\rightarrow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Walner Mendonça , Meysam Miralaei , Guilherme O. Mota
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