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This work addresses the task of self-supervised learning (SSL) on a long-tailed dataset that aims to learn balanced and well-separated representations for downstream tasks such as image classification. This task is crucial because the real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Cuong Manh Hoang , Yeejin Lee , Byeongkeun Kang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models. However, when training data follows a long-tailed distribution, the model's ability to accurately detect OOD samples is significantly compromised,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Shuai Feng , Yuxin Ge , Yuntao Du , Mingcai Chen , Chongjun Wang , Lei Feng

Open-set semi-supervised learning (open-set SSL) investigates a challenging but practical scenario where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are contained in the unlabeled data. While the mainstream technique seeks to completely filter out…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Junkai Huang , Chaowei Fang , Weikai Chen , Zhenhua Chai , Xiaolin Wei , Pengxu Wei , Liang Lin , Guanbin Li

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) methods have shown great success on balanced datasets but become ineffective in long-tailed recognition (LTR) scenarios where 1) OOD samples are often wrongly classified into head classes and/or 2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Wenjun Miao , Guansong Pang , Tianqi Li , Xiao Bai , Jin Zheng

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods are typically benchmarked on training sets with balanced class distributions. However, in real-world applications, it is common for the training sets to have long-tailed distributions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Haotao Wang , Aston Zhang , Yi Zhu , Shuai Zheng , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Zhangyang Wang

We evaluate the out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance of self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques with a new evaluation framework. Unlike the previous evaluation methods, the proposed framework adjusts the distance of OOD samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Jeonghoon Park , Kyungmin Jo , Daehoon Gwak , Jimin Hong , Jaegul Choo , Edward Choi

Current out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods typically assume balanced in-distribution (ID) data, while most real-world data follow a long-tailed distribution. Previous approaches to long-tailed OOD detection often involve balancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yina He , Lei Peng , Yongcun Zhang , Juanjuan Weng , Zhiming Luo , Shaozi Li

Despite recent advancements in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, most current studies assume a class-balanced in-distribution training dataset, which is rarely the case in real-world scenarios. This paper addresses the challenging task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Tong Wei , Bo-Lin Wang , Min-Ling Zhang

Recent semi-supervised learning algorithms have demonstrated greater success with higher overall performance due to better-unlabeled data representations. Nonetheless, recent research suggests that the performance of the SSL algorithm can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Xujiang Zhao , Killamsetty Krishnateja , Rishabh Iyer , Feng Chen

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is essential for safe deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs). This problem becomes particularly challenging in the presence of long-tailed in-distribution (ID) datasets, often leading to high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nimeshika Udayangani , Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

In this paper, we address a complex but practical scenario in semi-supervised learning (SSL) named open-set SSL, where unlabeled data contain both in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Unlike previous methods that only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Ganlong Zhao , Guanbin Li , Yipeng Qin , Jinjin Zhang , Zhenhua Chai , Xiaolin Wei , Liang Lin , Yizhou Yu

In this paper, we focus on the out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization of self-supervised learning (SSL). By analyzing the mini-batch construction during the SSL training phase, we first give one plausible explanation for SSL having OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Wenwen Qiang , Jingyao Wang , Zeen Song , Jiangmeng Li , Changwen Zheng

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in a variety of computer vision tasks. However, the mechanism of how SSL works in these tasks remains a mystery. In this paper, we study how SSL can enhance the performance of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jiuhai Chen , Chen Zhu , Bin Dai

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been proposed to leverage unlabeled data for training powerful models when only limited labeled data is available. While existing SSL methods assume that samples in the labeled and unlabeled data share the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Qing Yu , Daiki Ikami , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

When there are unlabeled Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) data from other classes, Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods suffer from severe performance degradation and even get worse than merely training on labeled data. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Lu Han , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Semi-supervised learning (SSL), thanks to the significant reduction of data annotation costs, has been an active research topic for large-scale 3D scene understanding. However, the existing SSL-based methods suffer from severe training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mengtian Li , Shaohui Lin , Zihan Wang , Yunhang Shen , Baochang Zhang , Lizhuang Ma

Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning (LTSSL) aims to learn from class-imbalanced data where only a few samples are annotated. Existing solutions typically require substantial cost to solve complex optimization problems, or class-balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Tong Wei , Qian-Yu Liu , Jiang-Xin Shi , Wei-Wei Tu , Lan-Zhe Guo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the key to deploying models safely in the open world. For OOD detection, collecting sufficient in-distribution (ID) labeled data is usually more time-consuming and costly than unlabeled data. When ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Rundong He , Rongxue Li , Zhongyi Han , Yilong Yin

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) leverages practical open-set unlabeled data, comprising both in-distribution (ID) samples from seen classes and out-of-distribution (OOD) samples from unseen classes, for semi-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zerun Wang , Liuyu Xiang , Lang Huang , Jiafeng Mao , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Recent advances in robust semi-supervised learning (SSL) typically filter out-of-distribution (OOD) information at the sample level. We argue that an overlooked problem of robust SSL is its corrupted information on semantic level,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yu Wang , Pengchong Qiao , Chang Liu , Guoli Song , Xiawu Zheng , Jie Chen
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