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A simple geometrical model (often quoted in literature as the Glauber model) of heavy ion collisions is recapitulated. It is shown that the transverse energy distribution of heavy ion collisions follow the geometry of the collision. An…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 R. Lietava

The nature of glassy states in realistic finite dimensions is still under fierce debate. Lattice models can offer valuable insights and facilitate deeper theoretical understanding. Recently, a disordered-interacting lattice model with…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-01 Bo Li , Chun-Shing Lee , Xin-Yuan Gao , Hai-Yao Deng , Chi-Hang Lam

A new method for solving relativistic ideal hydrodynamics in (1+3)D is developed. Longitudinal and transverse radial flows are explicitly embedded and the hydrodynamic equations are reduced to a single equation for the transverse velocity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 Jinfeng Liao , Volker Koch

The physics of heavy-ion collisions is one of the most exciting and challenging directions of science for the last four decades. On the theoretical side one deals with a non-abelian field theory, while on the experimental side today's…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-22 Marcus Bleicher , Elena Bratkovskaya

We use a hydrodynamic model to study the space-time evolution transverse to the beam direction in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with nonzero impact parameters. We focus on the influence of early pressure on the development of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 P. F. Kolb , J. Sollfrank , P. V. Ruuskanen , U. Heinz

We discuss a model for the space-time evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions which employs relativistic hydrodynamics within one region of the forward light-cone, and microscopic transport theory (i.e. UrQMD) in the complement.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Dumitru , S. A. Bass , M. Bleicher , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner

Recent discussions of RHIC data emphasized the exciting possibility that the matter produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions shows properties of a near-perfect fluid. Here, we aim at delineating the applicability of fluid dynamics, which is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Rudolf Baier , Paul Romatschke , Urs Achim Wiedemann

We present a computationally efficient model that describes the interaction of intense, ultrashort infrared laser pulses with transparent materials in the strong ionization regime. The model is augmented with a detailed self-consistent…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Julia Apportin , Christian Peltz , Pavel Polynkin , Misha Ivanov , Thomas Fennel , Anton Husakou

The evolution of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is typically understood as a process that transmutes the initial geometry of the system into the final momentum distribution of observed hadrons, which can be described via a cumulant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-05-24 Jefferson Sousa , Jorge Noronha , Matthew Luzum

A current goal of relativistic heavy ion collisions experiments is the search for a Color Glass Condensate as the limiting state of QCD matter at very high density. In viscous hydrodynamics simulations, a standard Glauber initial condition…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 M. Ruggieri , F. Scardina , S. Plumari , V. Greco

Relativistic hydrodynamics is essential to our current understanding of nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultrarelativistic energies (current experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, forthcoming experiments at the CERN Large Hadron…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The dependence of the spectra shape of produced charged hadrons on the size of a colliding system is discussed using a two component model. As a result, the hierarchy by the system-size in the spectra shape is observed. Next, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-07-16 A. A. Bylinkin , N. S. Chernyavskaya , A. A. Rostovtsev

We propose a new numerical method for $3+1$D glasma simulation using Milne coordinates. We formulate the classical Yang-Mills field and $3$D classical color current on a lattice at the initial proper time, specified as a moment just before…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-11 Hidefumi Matsuda , Xu-Guang Huang

Improved constraints on current model parameters in a heavy-ion collision model are established using the latest measurements from three distinct collision systems. Various observables are utilized from Au--Au collisions at…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-05 Maxim Virta , Jasper Parkkila , Dong Jo Kim

At strong coupling holographic studies have shown that heavy ion collisions do not obey normal boost invariance. Here we study a modified boost invariance through a complex shift in time, and show that this leads to surprisingly good…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-01-13 Steven S. Gubser , Wilke van der Schee

The study of multiparticle correlations and collectivity in the hot and dense matter created in collisions of heavy-ions as well as those of smaller systems such as proton--heavy-ion collisions has progressed to the point where detailed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-31 K. Dusling , M. Mace , R. Venugopalan

Relativistic heavy ion collisions generate nuclear-sized droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that exhibit nearly inviscid hydrodynamic expansion. Smaller collision systems such as p+Au, d+Au, and $^{3}$He+Au at the Relativistic Heavy Ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-29 M. Byres , S. H. Lim , C. McGinn , J. Ouellette , J. L. Nagle

We extensively study the growing behavior of the energy and the pressure components depending on the space-time rapidity in the framework of the Glasma, which describes the early-time dynamics in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 Kenji Fukushima , Francois Gelis

We study the polarization of particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at very high energy along the beam direction within a relativistic hydrodynamic framework. We show that this component of the polarization decreases much slower…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 F. Becattini , Iu. Karpenko

The standard approach in the conventional theory of intrabeam scattering (IBS) is based on the analysis of binary Coulomb collisions of charged particles in the beam. This picture is only partially true: in reality, a given particle…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Gennady Stupakov