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Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Large language model inference is often bounded by memory footprint and bandwidth in resource-constrained deployments, making quantization fundamental to efficient serving. While post-training quantization (PTQ) maintains high fidelity at…

Large Vision and Language Models have exhibited remarkable human-like intelligence in tasks such as natural language comprehension, problem-solving, logical reasoning, and knowledge retrieval. However, training and serving these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Feng Zhang , Yanbin Liu , Weihua Li , Jie Lv , Xiaodan Wang , Quan Bai

Large DNNs with mixed-precision quantization can achieve ultra-high compression while retaining high classification performance. However, because of the challenges in finding an accurate metric that can guide the optimization process, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Souvik Kundu , Shikai Wang , Qirui Sun , Peter A. Beerel , Massoud Pedram

Model compression has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce hardware resource requirements significantly while maintaining accuracy of DNNs. Model compression is especially useful for memory-intensive recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Dongsoo Lee , Byeongwook Kim

Post-training quantization is widely employed to reduce the computational demands of neural networks. Typically, individual substructures, such as layers or blocks of layers, are quantized with the objective of minimizing quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Khasmamad Shabanovi , Lukas Wiest , Vladimir Golkov , Daniel Cremers , Thomas Pfeil

With the recent demand of deploying neural network models on mobile and edge devices, it is desired to improve the model's generalizability on unseen testing data, as well as enhance the model's robustness under fixed-point quantization for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-26 Huanrui Yang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yiran Chen

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are essential in computer vision but are computationally intensive, too. Model quantization, particularly to low bit-widths like 4-bit, aims to alleviate this difficulty, yet existing Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guang Liang , Xinyao Liu , Jianxin Wu

Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) is one of the prevailing neural network compression solutions. However, its stability has been challenged for yielding deteriorating performances as the quantization error is inevitable. We find that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai

Recent advancements in unsupervised protein language models (ProteinLMs), like ESM-1b and ESM-2, have shown promise in different protein prediction tasks. However, these models face challenges due to their high computational demands,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shuang Peng , Fei Yang , Ning Sun , Sheng Chen , Yanfeng Jiang , Aimin Pan

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a practical route to deploy reasoning-capable LLMs under tight memory and latency budgets, yet it can markedly impair mathematical reasoning (drops up to 69.81% in our harder settings). We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Songmiao Wang , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Aofan Liu , Ming Li , Jiannong Cao , Yuan Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Quantization-aware training (QAT) schemes have been shown to achieve near-full precision accuracy. They accomplish this by training a quantized model for multiple epochs. This is computationally expensive, mainly because of the full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Saleh Ashkboos , Bram Verhoef , Torsten Hoefler , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

Post-training quantization (PTQ) aims to preserve model-level behavior; however, most methods focus on individual linear layers. Even recent extensions, such as QEP and LoaQ, which mitigate error propagation or target specific submodules,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Yuma Ichikawa , Yudai Fujimoto , Akira Sakai

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) are increasingly deployed in domains where both reliability and efficiency are critical. However, current models remain overconfident, producing highly certain but incorrect answers. At the same time,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Paul Jonas Kurz , Tobias Jan Wieczorek , Mohamed A. Abdelsalam , Rahaf Aljundi , Marcus Rohrbach

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, albeit at the cost of immense memory and computation requirements. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is becoming the de facto method to reduce the memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Post-training quantization is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices. However, standard integer quantization (e.g., INT4) fundamentally degrades performance by imposing a uniform grid on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Vladimer Khasia

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Post-training quantization is a representative technique for compressing neural networks, making them smaller and more efficient for deployment on edge devices. However, an inaccessible user dataset often makes it difficult to ensure the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Donghyun Lee , Minkyoung Cho , Seungwon Lee , Joonho Song , Changkyu Choi