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We consider the problem of devising a suitable Quantum Error Correction (QEC) procedures for a generic quantum noise acting on a quantum circuit. In general, there is no analytic universal procedure to obtain the encoding and correction…

The quantum Wasserstein distance (W-distance) is a fundamental metric for quantifying the distinguishability of quantum operations, with critical applications in quantum error correction. However, computing the W-distance remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Changchun Feng , Xinyu Qiu , Laifa Tao , Lin Chen

Given a unitary transformation, what is the size of the smallest quantum circuit that implements it? This quantity, known as the quantum circuit complexity, is a fundamental property of quantum evolutions that has widespread applications in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Lu Li , Kaifeng Bu , Dax Enshan Koh , Arthur Jaffe , Seth Lloyd

When modeling the effects of noise on quantum circuits, one often makes the assumption that these effects can be accounted for by individual decoherence events following an otherwise noise-free gate. In this work, we address the validity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-19 Keith R. Fratus , Juha Leppäkangas , Michael Marthaler , Jan-Michael Reiner

Despite advances in the development of quantum computers, the practical application of quantum algorithms requiring deep circuit depths or high-fidelity transformations remains outside the current range of the so-called noisy…

Rigorously establishing that the error in an experimental quantum operation is beneath the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation currently requires considering the worst-case error, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Joel J. Wallman

Quantum gates executed on physical hardware are inevitably degraded by environmental noise. While state purification effectively distills static quantum resources, the dynamic execution of quantum algorithms requires a higher-order approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Jiayi Zhao , Yu-Ao Chen , Guocheng Zhen , Chengkai Zhu , Ranyiliu Chen , Xin Wang

Quantum error correction is capable of digitizing quantum noise and increasing the robustness of qubits. Typically, error correction is designed with the target of eliminating all errors - making an error so unlikely it can be assumed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Salonik Resch , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

We define the quantum Wasserstein distance such that the optimization of the coupling is carried out over bipartite separable states rather than bipartite quantum states in general, and examine its properties. Surprisingly, we find that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Géza Tóth , József Pitrik

Quantum processes can be divided into two categories: unitary and non-unitary ones. For a given quantum process, we can define a \textit{degree of the unitarity (DU)} of this process to be the fidelity between it and its closest unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Jing-Xin Cui , Z. D. Wang

While the power of quantum computers is commonly acknowledged to rise exponentially, it is often overlooked that the complexity of quantum noise mechanisms generally grows much faster. In particular, quantifying whether the instructions on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Miha Papič , Adrian Auer , Inés de Vega

The success probability of a quantum algorithm constructed from noisy quantum gates cannot be accurately predicted from single parameter metrics that compare noisy and ideal gates. We illustrate this concept by examining a system with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Daniel C. Murphy , Kenneth R. Brown

In multi-qubit system, correlated errors subject to unwanted interactions with other qubits is one of the major obstacles for scaling up quantum computers to be applicable. We present two approaches to correct such noise and demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Xiu-Hao Deng , Yong-Ju Hai , Jun-Ning Li , Yao Song

We propose a generalization of the Wasserstein distance of order 1 to the quantum states of $n$ qudits. The proposal recovers the Hamming distance for the vectors of the canonical basis, and more generally the classical Wasserstein distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Giacomo De Palma , Milad Marvian , Dario Trevisan , Seth Lloyd

Persistence diagrams are a useful tool from topological data analysis which can be used to provide a concise description of a filtered topological space. What makes them even more useful in practice is that they come with a notion of a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Jesse J. Berwald , Joel M. Gottlieb , Elizabeth Munch

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

The ability to connect distant qubits plays a fundamental role in quantum computing. Therefore, quantum systems candidates for quantum computation must be able to interact all their constituent qubits. Here, we model the quantum dot spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Iann Cunha , Leonardo Kleber Castelano

Quantum error correction provides a path to large-scale quantum computers, but is built on challenging assumptions about the characteristics of the underlying errors. In particular, the mathematical assumption of independent errors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-15 C. L. Edmunds , C. Hempel , R. Harris , H. Ball , V. Frey , T. M. Stace , M. J. Biercuk

We present two measures of distance between quantum processes based on the superfidelity, introduced recently to provide an upper bound for quantum fidelity. We show that the introduced measures partially fulfill the requirements for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-26 Zbigniew Puchała , Jarosław Adam Miszczak , Piotr Gawron , Bartłomiej Gardas

The utility of near-term quantum computers and simulators is likely to rely upon software-hardware co-design, with error-aware algorithms and protocols optimized for the platforms they are run on. Here, we show how knowledge of noise in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Kushal Seetharam , Dries Sels , Eugene Demler
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