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The grand challenge of protein engineering is the development of computational models that can characterize and generate protein sequences for any arbitrary function. However, progress today is limited by lack of 1) benchmarks with which to…

Understanding protein sequences is vital and urgent for biology, healthcare, and medicine. Labeling approaches are expensive yet time-consuming, while the amount of unlabeled data is increasing quite faster than that of the labeled data due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Liang He , Shizhuo Zhang , Lijun Wu , Huanhuan Xia , Fusong Ju , He Zhang , Siyuan Liu , Yingce Xia , Jianwei Zhu , Pan Deng , Bin Shao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Protein language models (PLMs) have revolutionised computational biology through their ability to generate powerful sequence representations for diverse prediction tasks. However, their black-box nature limits biological interpretation and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-11 Jan van Eck , Dea Gogishvili , Wilson Silva , Sanne Abeln

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are built using artificial neural networks. They are part of machine learning methods that are capable of learning from data that have been used in a wide range of applications. DNNs are mainly handcrafted and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Mohammed Al-Rawi

This study introduces a novel theoretical framework, the Stacked Autoencoder Evolution Hypothesis, which proposes that biological evolutionary systems operate through multi-layered self-encoding and decoding processes, analogous to stacked…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hiroyuki Iizuka

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Deep learning has become a powerful tool in computational biology, revolutionising the analysis and interpretation of biological data over time. In our article review, we delve into various aspects of deep learning in computational biology.…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) move from curated training sets into open-ended real-world environments, a fundamental limitation emerges: static training cannot keep pace with continual deployment environment change. Scaling training-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Minhua Lin , Hanqing Lu , Zhan Shi , Bing He , Rui Mao , Zhiwei Zhang , Zongyu Wu , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Zhenwei Dai , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang , Benoit Dumoulin , Jian Pei

Training networks consisting of biophysically accurate neuron models could allow for new insights into how brain circuits can organize and solve tasks. We begin by analyzing the extent to which the central algorithm for neural network…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-22 James Hazelden , Yuhan Helena Liu , Eli Shlizerman , Eric Shea-Brown

Deep learning and deep architectures are emerging as the best machine learning methods so far in many practical applications such as reducing the dimensionality of data, image classification, speech recognition or object segmentation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 The-Hien Dang-Ha

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is based on theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In this context, deep learning is a family of computational methods that allow an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Mario Coccia

We study the problem of extrapolative controlled generation, i.e., generating sequences with attribute values beyond the range seen in training. This task is of significant importance in automated design, especially drug discovery, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Vishakh Padmakumar , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , He He , Ankur P. Parikh

Protein design is the inverse approach of the three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction for elucidating the relationship between the 3D structures and amino acid sequences. In general, the computation of the protein design involves a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Tomoei Takahashi , George Chikenji , Kei Tokita

Artificial intelligence (AI), propelled by advancements in machine learning, has made significant strides in solving complex tasks. However, the current neural network-based paradigm, while effective, is heavily constrained by inherent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zeki Doruk Erden , Boi Faltings

Protein engineering seeks to identify protein sequences with optimized properties. When guided by machine learning, protein sequence generation methods can draw on prior knowledge and experimental efforts to improve this process. In this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-28 Zachary Wu , Kadina E. Johnston , Frances H. Arnold , Kevin K. Yang

Computational docking methods can provide structural models of protein-protein complexes, but protein backbone flexibility upon association often thwarts accurate predictions. In recent blind challenges, medium or high accuracy models were…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-29 Ameya Harmalkar , Jeffrey J. Gray

Predicting the effect of mutations in proteins is one of the most critical challenges in protein engineering; by knowing the effect a substitution of one (or several) residues in the protein's sequence has on its overall properties, could…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-10-08 David Medina-Ortiz , Sebastian Contreras , Juan Amado-Hinojosa , Jorge Torres-Almonacid , Juan A. Asenjo , Marcelo Navarrete , Álvaro Olivera-Nappa

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential for analyzing complex data and solving highly-challenging tasks. It is being applied across numerous disciplines beyond computer science, including Food Engineering, where there is a growing…

The performance of deep neural networks, such as Deep Belief Networks formed by Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), strongly depends on their training, which is the process of adjusting their parameters. This process can be posed as an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-16 S. Ivvan Valdez , Alfonso Rojas-Domínguez

While decades of theoretical research have led to the invention of several classes of error-correction codes, the design of such codes is an extremely challenging task, mostly driven by human ingenuity. Recent studies demonstrate that such…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Hamid Saber , Homayoon Hatami , Jung Hyun Bae