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Deriving the cosmic ray spectrum from gamma-ray observations

A fundamental problem of cosmic ray (CR) physics is the determination of the average properties of Galactic CRs outside the Solar system. Starting from COS-B data in the 1980's, gamma-ray observations of molecular clouds in the Gould Belt…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 M. Kachelriess , S. Ostapchenko

Origin of the Proton-to-Helium Ratio Anomaly in Cosmic Rays

Recent data on Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) revealed that the helium energy spectrum is harder than the proton spectrum. The AMS experiment has now reported that the proton-to-helium ratio as function of rigidity $R$ (momentum-to-charge…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-04 Nicola Tomassetti

Cosmic ray protons and electrons from supernova remnants

The spectrum of cosmic ray protons and electrons released by supernova remnants throughout their evolution is poorly known, because of the difficulty in accounting for particle escape and confinement in the downstream of a shock front,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-23 P. Cristofari , P. Blasi , D. Caprioli

Cosmic Ray Spectrum in Supernova Remnant Shocks

We performed kinetic simulations of diffusive shock acceleration in Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs) expanding into a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). The preshock gas temperature is the primary parameter that governs the cosmic ray (CR)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-05-20 Hyesung Kang

Possible Evidence for the Stochastic Acceleration of Secondary Antiprotons by Supernova Remnants

The antiproton-to-proton ratio in the cosmic-ray spectrum is a sensitive probe of new physics. Using recent measurements of the cosmic-ray antiproton and proton fluxes in the energy range of 1-1000 GeV, we study the contribution to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-19 Ilias Cholis , Dan Hooper , Tim Linden

Precise measurements of the cosmic ray proton energy spectrum in the "knee'' region

We report the high-purity identification of cosmic-ray (CR) protons and a precise measurement of their energy spectrum from 0.15 to 12 PeV using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Abundant event statistics, combined…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-29 The LHAASO Collaboration , Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , A. M. Chen , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. X. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. C. Chu , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernandez-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , T. Q. Huang , W. J. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , P. Lipari , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , G. B. Mou , H. J. Mu , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Saiz , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , W. J. Zhong , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo

On the contribution of nearby sources to the observed cosmic-ray nuclei

The presence of nearby discrete cosmic-ray (CR) sources can lead to many interesting effects on the observed properties of CRs. In this paper, we study about the possible effects on the CR primary and secondary spectra and also the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Satyendra Thoudam

Search for new cosmic-ray acceleration sites within the 4FGL catalog Galactic plane sources

Cosmic rays are mostly composed of protons accelerated to relativistic speeds. When those protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers a compelling way to identify the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-17 LAT Collaboration , S. Abdollahi , F. Acero , M. Ackermann , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , G. Barbiellini , D. Bastieri , R. Bellazzini , B. Berenji , A. Berretta , E. Bissaldi , R. D. Blandford , R. Bonino , P. Bruel , S. Buson , R. A. Cameron , R. Caputo , P. A. Caraveo , D. Castro , G. Chiaro , N. Cibrario , S. Ciprini , J. Coronado-Blázquez , M. Crnogorcevic , S. Cutini , F. D'Ammando , S. De Gaetano , N. Di Lalla , F. Dirirsa , L. Di Venere , A. Domínguez , S. J. Fegan , A. Fiori , H. Fleischhack , A. Franckowiak , Y. Fukazawa , P. Fusco , V. Gammaldi , F. Gargano , D. Gasparrini , F. Giacchino , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , T. Glanzman , D. Green , I. A. Grenier , M. -H. Grondin , S. Guiriec , M. Gustafsson , A. K. Harding , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , D. Horan , X. Hou , G. Jóhannesson , T. Kayanoki , M. Kerr , M. Kuss , S. Larsson , L. Latronico , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. Li , F. Longo , F. Loparco , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , D. Malyshev , A. Manfreda , G. Martí-Devesa , M. N. Mazziotta , I. Mereu , P. F. Michelson , N. Mirabal , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Mizuno , M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli , I. V. Moskalenko , E. Nuss , N. Omodei , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , J. F. Ormes , D. Paneque , Z. Pei , M. Persic , M. Pesce-Rollins , R. Pillera , H. Poon , T. A. Porter , G. Principe , S. Rainò , R. Rando , B. Rani , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , T. Reposeur , M. Sánchez-Conde , P. M. Saz Parkinson , L. Scotton , D. Serini , C. Sgrò , E. J. Siskind , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , K. Sueoka , D. J. Suson , H. Tajima , D. Tak , J. B. Thayer , D. F. Torres , E. Troja , J. Valverde , Z. Wadiasingh , K. Wood , G. Zaharijas

Cosmic Ray Acceleration by Supernova Shocks

We analyse the results of recent measurements of nonthermal emission from individual supernova remnants (SNRs) and their correspondence to the nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in SNRs. It is shown that the theory…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 E. G. Berezhko

Acceleration of cosmic rays by young core-collapse supernova remnants

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to be the primary candidates for the sources of Galactic cosmic rays. According to the diffusive shock acceleration theory, SNR shocks produce a power-law spectrum with an index of s = 2,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 I. Telezhinsky , V. V. Dwarkadas , M. Pohl

Anomalous Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Framework of AMS-02

The cosmic ray energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei, which are the most abundant components of cosmic radiation, exhibit a remarkable hardening at energies above one hundred GeV/nucleon. Recent data from AMS-02 confirms this feature…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-08 Behrouz Khiali , Sadakazu Haino , Jie Feng

Slow Diffusion of Cosmic-Rays around a Supernova Remnant

We study the escape of cosmic-ray protons accelerated at a supernova remnant (SNR). We are interested in their propagation in interstellar medium (ISM) after they leave the shock neighborhood where they are accelerated, but when they are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Yutaka Fujita , Yutaka Ohira , Fumio Takahara

Steepening of Cosmic Ray Spectra in Shocks with Varying Magnetic Field Direction

Cosmic ray (CR) spectra, both measured upon their arrival at the Earth's atmosphere and inferred from the emission in supernova remnants (SNRs), appear to be significantly steeper than the "standard" diffusive shock acceleration (DSA)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-11-06 Adrian Hanusch , Tatyana V. Liseykina , Mikhail Malkov , Felix Aharonian

Cosmic ray acceleration at blast waves from type Ia supernovae

We have calculated the cosmic ray (CR) acceleration at young remnants from Type Ia supernovae expanding into a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). Adopting quasi-parallel magnetic fields, gasdynamic equations and the diffusion convection…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Hyesung Kang

Extragalactic cosmic-ray source composition and the interpretation of the ankle

We consider the stochastic propagation of high-energy protons and nuclei in the cosmological microwave and infrared backgrounds, using revised photonuclear cross-sections and following primary and secondary nuclei in the full 2D nuclear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Allard , E. Parizot , A. V. Olinto , E. Khan , S. Goriely

The theory of synchrotron emission from supernova remnants

The time-dependent nonlinear kinetic theory for cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants (SNRs) is applied studying the properties of the synchrotron emission from SNRs, in particular, the surface brightness-diameter ($\Sigma-D$)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. G. Berezhko , H. J. Völk

Cosmic Ray Spectrum in Supernova Remnant Shocks

We perform kinetic simulations of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs) expanding into a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). Bohm-like diffusion assumed, and simple models for Alfvenic drift and dissipation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-18 Hyesung Kang

Evidence of fresh cosmic ray in galactic plane based on DAMPE measurement of B/C and B/O ratios

More and more experiments have identified that the energy spectra of both primary and secondary cosmic-rays exhibit a hardening above $\sim 200$ GV. Most recently, the DAMPE experiment has reported a hardening of boron-to-carbon ratio at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-06 Pei-Pei Zhang , Xin-Yu He , Wei Liu , Yi-Qing Guo

Observation of a spectral hardening in cosmic ray boron spectrum with the DAMPE space mission

Secondary cosmic ray fluxes are important probes of the propagation and interaction of high-energy particles in the Galaxy. Recent measurements of primary and secondary cosmic ray nuclei have revealed unexpected spectral features that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-19 DAMPE Collaboration , F. Alemanno , C. Altomare , Q. An , P. Azzarello , F. C. T. Barbato , P. Bernardini , X. J. Bi , H. Boutin , I. Cagnoli , M. S. Cai , E. Casilli , E. Catanzani , J. Chang , D. Y. Chen , J. L. Chen , Z. F. Chen , Z. X. Chen , P. Coppin , M. Y. Cui , T. S. Cui , Y. X. Cui , I. De Mitri , F. de Palma , A. Di Giovanni , T. K. Dong , Z. X. Dong , G. Donvito , D. Droz , J. L. Duan , K. K. Duan , R. R. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , F. Fang , K. Fang , C. Q. Feng , L. Feng , J. M. Frieden , P. Fusco , M. Gao , F. Gargano , E. Ghose , K. Gong , Y. Z. Gong , D. Y. Guo , J. H. Guo , S. X. Han , Y. M. Hu , G. S. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , M. Ionica , L. Y. Jiang , Y. Z. Jiang , W. Jiang , J. Kong , A. Kotenko , D. Kyratzis , S. J. Lei , W. H. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Q. Li , Y. M. Liang , C. M. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , S. B. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Loparco , M. Ma , P. X. Ma , T. Ma , X. Y. Ma , G. Marsella , M. N. Mazziotta , D. Mo , X. Y. Niu , A. Parenti , W. X. Peng , X. Y. Peng , C. Perrina , E. Putti-Garcia , R. Qiao , J. N. Rao , R. Sarkar , P. Savina , A. Serpolla , Z. Shangguan , W. H. Shen , Z. Q. Shen , Z. T. Shen , L. Silveri , J. X. Song , M. Stolpovskiy , H. Su , M. Su , H. R. Sun , Z. Y. Sun , A. Surdo , X. J. Teng , A. Tykhonov , J. Z. Wang , L. G. Wang , S. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. F. Wang , Y. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. F. Wei , D. Wu , J. Wu , S. S. Wu , X. Wu , Z. Q. Xia , E. H. Xu , H. T. Xu , J. Xu , Z. H. Xu , Z. L. Xu , Z. Z. Xu , G. F. Xue , H. B. Yang , P. Yang , Y. Q. Yang , H. J. Yao , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , C. Yue , J. J. Zang , S. X. Zhang , W. Z. Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yi Zhang , Y. J. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Q. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , C. Zhao , H. Y. Zhao , X. F. Zhao , C. Y. Zhou , Y. Zhu

Consistent description of leptonic and hadroninc spectra in cosmic rays

The AMS Collaboration has recently released data on cosmic ray (CR) leptons and hadrons that can shed light on two exciting problems in CR physics: on one side, the origin of the rise of the CR positron fraction above ~10 GeV of energy, on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-02 Nicola Tomassetti