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Scalability for handling unknown slot values is a important problem in dialogue state tracking (DST). As far as we know, previous scalable DST approaches generally rely on either the candidate generation from slot tagging output or the span…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Puhai Yang , Heyan Huang , Xianling Mao

Dialogue state tracking (DST) is an essential component in task-oriented dialogue systems, which estimates user goals at every dialogue turn. However, most previous approaches usually suffer from the following problems. Many discriminative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Qingbin Liu , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Shengping Liu , Jun Zhao

Reference-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate multiple, prosodically-different renditions of the same target text. Such models jointly learn a latent acoustic space during training, which can be sampled from during inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Atli Thor Sigurgeirsson , Simon King

Dialogue state tracking (DST) aims to record user queries and goals during a conversational interaction achieved by maintaining a predefined set of slots and their corresponding values. Current approaches decide slot values opaquely, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Lin Xu , Ningxin Peng , Daquan Zhou , See-Kiong Ng , Jinlan Fu

Decision Transformer (DT) has emerged as a promising class of algorithms in offline reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, leveraging pre-collected datasets and Transformer's capability to model long sequences. Recent works have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yu Yang , Pan Xu

Dialogue state tracking (DST) aims to extract essential information from multi-turn dialogue situations and take appropriate actions. A belief state, one of the core pieces of information, refers to the subject and its specific content, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Takyoung Kim , Hoonsang Yoon , Yukyung Lee , Pilsung Kang , Misuk Kim

This paper introduces an adversarial method to stress-test trained metrics to evaluate conversational dialogue systems. The method leverages Reinforcement Learning to find response strategies that elicit optimal scores from the trained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jan Deriu , Don Tuggener , Pius von Däniken , Mark Cieliebak

Prompt tuning is a new, efficient NLP transfer learning paradigm that adds a task-specific prompt in each input instance during the model training stage. It freezes the pre-trained language model and only optimizes a few task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Zhuofeng Wu , Sinong Wang , Jiatao Gu , Rui Hou , Yuxiao Dong , V. G. Vinod Vydiswaran , Hao Ma

An ideal dialogue system requires continuous skill acquisition and adaptation to new tasks while retaining prior knowledge. Dialogue State Tracking (DST), vital in these systems, often involves learning new services and confronting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yujie Feng , Bo Liu , Xiaoyu Dong , Zexin Lu , Li-Ming Zhan , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

The performance of task-oriented dialogue models is strongly tied to how well they track dialogue states, which records and updates user information across multi-turn interactions. However, current multi-domain DST encounters two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoxiang Su , Ruiyu Fang , Liting Jiang , Xiaomeng Huang , Shuangyong Song

Despite significant research effort in the development of automatic dialogue evaluation metrics, little thought is given to evaluating dialogues other than in English. At the same time, ensuring metrics are invariant to semantically similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 John Mendonça , Patrícia Pereira , Helena Moniz , João Paulo Carvalho , Alon Lavie , Isabel Trancoso

In conversational AI, personalizing dialogues with persona profiles and contextual understanding is essential. Despite large language models' (LLMs) improved response coherence, effective persona integration remains a challenge. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Qiushi Huang , Xubo Liu , Tom Ko , Bo Wu , Wenwu Wang , Yu Zhang , Lilian Tang

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an essential component in conversational systems. Most SLU component treats each utterance independently, and then the following components aggregate the multi-turn information in the separate phases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Po-Chun Chen , Ta-Chung Chi , Shang-Yu Su , Yun-Nung Chen

Existing approaches to dialogue state tracking rely on pre-defined ontologies consisting of a set of all possible slot types and values. Though such approaches exhibit promising performance on single-domain benchmarks, they suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Liliang Ren , Jianmo Ni , Julian McAuley

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Fan Liu , Zhao Xu , Hao Liu

The research of adversarial attacks in the text domain attracts many interests in the last few years, and many methods with a high attack success rate have been proposed. However, these attack methods are inefficient as they require lots of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Tengfei Zhao , Zhaocheng Ge , Hanping Hu , Dingmeng Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous agents. However, their flexibility also introduces new attack vectors-particularly Prompt Injection (PI), where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Mengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Zhang , Guofei Gu

Discrete adversarial attacks are symbolic perturbations to a language input that preserve the output label but lead to a prediction error. While such attacks have been extensively explored for the purpose of evaluating model robustness,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Maor Ivgi , Jonathan Berant

Dialogue state tracking (DST) aims to convert the dialogue history into dialogue states which consist of slot-value pairs. As condensed structural information memorizing all history information, the dialogue state in the last turn is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Haoning Zhang , Junwei Bao , Haipeng Sun , Youzheng Wu , Wenye Li , Shuguang Cui , Xiaodong He