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This paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based approach for optimal transient frequency control in power systems with stability and safety guarantees. Building on Lyapunov stability theory and safety-critical control, we derive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Zhenyi Yuan , Changhong Zhao , Jorge Cortes

Deep reinforcement learning approaches are becoming appealing for the design of nonlinear controllers for voltage control problems, but the lack of stability guarantees hinders their deployment in real-world scenarios. This paper constructs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-31 Jie Feng , Wenqi Cui , Jorge Cortés , Yuanyuan Shi

In the course of the energy transition, the expansion of generation and consumption will change, and many of these technologies, such as PV systems, electric cars and heat pumps, will influence the power flow, especially in the distribution…

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

We consider the problem of computing equilibria (steady-states) for droop-controlled, islanded, AC microgrids that are both economic-optimal and dynamically stable. This work is motivated by the observation that classical optimal power flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Sungho Shin , Victor M. Zavala

This paper considers distribution systems with a high penetration of distributed, renewable generation and addresses the problem of incorporating the associated uncertainty into the optimal operation of these networks. Joint chance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-07 Kyri Baker , Andrey Bernstein

With an increasing high penetration of solar photovoltaic generation in electric power grids, voltage phasors and branch power flows experience more severe fluctuations. In this context, probabilistic power flow (PPF) study aims at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Kejun Chen , Yu Zhang

We consider a linear feeder connecting multiple distributed loads and generators to the sub-station. Voltage is controlled directly at the sub-station, however, voltage down the line shifts up or down, in particular depending on if the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Danhua Wang , Konstantin Turitsyn , Michael Chertkov

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a core optimization problem in power system operation and planning, aiming to minimize generation costs while satisfying physical constraints such as power flow equations, generator limits, and voltage limits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

Electric power grids are essential components of modern life, delivering reliable power to end-users while adhering to a multitude of engineering constraints and requirements. In grid operations, the Optimal Power Flow problem plays a key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Mostafa Mohammadian , Anna Van Boven , Kyri Baker

Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

Optimal power flow (OPF) is the central optimization problem in electric power grids. Although solved routinely in the course of power grid operations, it is known to be strongly NP-hard in general, and weakly NP-hard over tree networks. In…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Michael Chertkov , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray

Voltage prediction in distribution grids is a critical yet difficult task for maintaining power system stability. Machine learning approaches, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), offer significant speedups but suffer from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ehimare Okoyomon , Arbel Yaniv , Christoph Goebel

This paper examines distribution systems with a high integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and addresses the design of local control methods for real-time voltage regulation. Particularly, the paper focuses on proportional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Kyri Baker , Andrey Bernstein , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Changhong Zhao

Chance-constrained optimization has emerged as a promising framework for managing uncertainties in power systems. This work advances its application to the DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) model, developing a novel approach to uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Tianyang Yi , D. Adrian Maldonado , Anirudh Subramanyam

The massive integration of distributed energy resources changes the operational demands of the electric power distribution system, motivating optimization-based approaches. The added computational complexities of the resulting optimal power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Yunqi Luo , Rabayet Sadnan , Bala Krishnamoorthy , Anamika Dubey

Inverter-based volt-var control is studied in this paper. One key issue in DRL-based approaches is the limited measurement deployment in active distribution networks, which leads to problems of a partially observable state and unknown…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Qiong Liu , Ye Guo , Tong Xu

In this paper, we consider the distributed optimal control problem for discrete-time linear networked systems. In particular, we are interested in learning distributed optimal controllers using graph recurrent neural networks (GRNNs). Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Zihao Song , Shirantha Welikala , Panos J. Antsaklis , Hai Lin

The adversarial worst-case load shedding (AWLS) problem is pivotal for identifying critical contingencies under line outages. It is naturally cast as a bilevel program: the upper level simulates an attacker determining worst-case line…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Young-ho Cho , Harsha Nagarajan , Deepjyoti Deka , Hao Zhu

Volt/VAR control rules facilitate the autonomous operation of distributed energy resources (DER) to regulate voltage in power distribution grids. According to non-incremental control rules, such as the one mandated by the IEEE Standard…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Sarthak Gupta , Ali Mehrizi-Sani , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Vassilis Kekatos